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Introduction to ENUM Domain Pulse Vienna, February 4th, 2005

Introduction to ENUM Domain Pulse Vienna, February 4th, 2005. Richard Stastny, ÖFEG*. * The opinions expressed here may or may not be that of my company. Content. Introduction What is ENUM? Why the DNS and why E.164 numbers? How can ENUM be used What are the major benefits? Two examples

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Introduction to ENUM Domain Pulse Vienna, February 4th, 2005

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  1. Introduction to ENUMDomain PulseVienna, February 4th, 2005 Richard Stastny, ÖFEG* * The opinions expressed here may or may not be that of my company Richard Stastny

  2. Content • Introduction • What is ENUM? • Why the DNS and why E.164 numbers? • How can ENUM be used • What are the major benefits? • Two examples • The business cases • International activities • (Very) Short ENUM history • Who is using it? • Summary Richard Stastny

  3. Addressing • Addressing (numbering) on the PSTN: • E.164 “phone” numbers: +43 664 420 4100 • Addressing (naming) on the Internet: • IP addresses: 62.47.121.6 • domain names: www.enum.at • Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs): • mailto:richard.stastny@oefeg.at • http://62.47.121.6 • http://www.oefeg.at • sip:richard.stastny@iphone.at • the DNS is used to map domain names to IP addresses, it can also be used to map phone numbers to URIs Richard Stastny

  4. ENUM is defined by the IETF • Electronic or E.164 NUMber mapping is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC3761 • The mapping of „Telephone Numbers“ to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) using the Domain Name System (DNS) in the domain e164.arpa • URIs are used to identify resources on the Internet (e.g. http://enum.nic.at ) • The purpose of ENUM is to enable the convergence between the PSTN and the Internet Richard Stastny

  5. ENUM in a nutshell +43 1 7972840 32 • take an E.164 phone number • turn it into a FQDN 2.3.0.4.8.2.7.9.7.1.3.4.e164.arpa. • query the DNS (for NAPTR) • returns list of URIs sip:richard.stastny@iphone.at mailto:richard.stastny@oefeg.at sms tel:+436644204100 Richard Stastny

  6. Why the DNS? • It’s there … • It works… • It’s global… • It scales… • It’s open… • Anyone can use it… Richard Stastny

  7. Why E.164 Numbers ? • People know how to use phone numbers • Billions of devices only use numeric key pads, especially wireless devices • Many VoIP customers use normal phones with terminal adapters or IP phones with numeric keypads • URIs like sip:user@domain have advantages and disadvantages • biggest problem: they cannot be dialed on the PSTN • Phone numbers may be used for other services on the Internet (Instant Messaging, Video, …) • URI’s and telephone numbers will co-exist for the indefinite future • approx. 10 years? ;-) Richard Stastny

  8. What is ENUM not? • A real-time call forwarding service • ENUM should not be used to implement a follow-me service, modifying ENUM entries in real-time depending on location, time-of-day, etc. • This should be done as a SIP service at the SIP proxy • A „presence“ service • Presence should also be implemented at the SIP proxy (e.g. with SIMPLE) • ENUM does not provide NOTIFY and also no policies • But ENUM may point to a presence service or to a geo location • e.g. for a company or a hotel Richard Stastny

  9. What are the major benefits? • Linking to together VoIP islands on the Internet, enabling all Internet services • VoIP PBX and also „Carrier“ networks • Allowing terminals on the Internet to be reached from the PSTN • Terminals on the PSTN may dial only numbers and not URIs • ENUM can be used for any URI = any service • mailto, fax, video, … • sms, mms, … • h323, pres, im, … • http, ft, • certificates, locations, … Richard Stastny

  10. Trunk Gateway One example: ENUM for companies 0508113184 ENUM 4.8.1.3.1.1.8.0.5.3.4.e164.arpa sip:3184@kapsch.net sip:3184@kapsch.net TDM PBX IP PBX SIP Gateway Internet 3184 +4350811 Only if not in ENUM 0508113184 PSTN/ISDN 01 9793321 Richard Stastny

  11. Example: +43780 and the Generic Gateway ENUMTier 1 ENUMRegistry 7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0.8.7.3.4.e164.arpa Generic Gateway Registrar ENUMTier 2 richard@iphone.at PSTN ENUM-driven number range e.g. +43 780 Internet Subscription Registration 0780 1234567 Globally reachable0780 1234567 Calling Party A Called Party B richard@iphone.at Richard Stastny

  12. The Business Cases • For companies and call centers (0800) • the company PBX can be reached from PSTN and from Internet • calls to other ENUM-enabled numbers are routed via VoIP and the Internet • improved functionality (IM, Video, Conferencing, presence, …) • better quality for native VoIP calls • For residential users with +43 780 numbers • same as above • reachable via any broadband connection globally • Possible also for residential local and mobile numbers Richard Stastny

  13. Wanna give it a try? • First: get yourself a VoIP account and a SIP URI - (e.g. from fwd.pulver.com, iptel.org, sipgate.at, …)- see references at www.my-enum.at • Send a SMS from any Austrian mobile phone with text ENUM to0900 401011 (2€), confirm with JA • You get back a SMS containing Userid and PW • Your mobile number is now validated and registered in ENUM (for 2 month) • Login at www.my-enum.at • Enter the sip URI for your mobile number • Done Richard Stastny

  14. (Very short) ENUM History 1999 – IETF ENUM WG formed 2000 – IETF ENUM WG – RFC2916 2001 – Int. and nat. workshops (ITU-T, Europe, US, Asia, …) 2002 – ITU -T Interim Procedures (IAB, RIPE-NCC) – ETSI TS 102 051 "ENUM Administration in Europe“ – National Consultations and ENUM–Trials started (Austria) 2003 – ETSI TS 102 172 "Minimum Requirements for Interoperability of European ENUM Trials" – more national ENUM–Trials joined 2004 – ETSI ENUM Workshop (Feb 2004) – IETF new RFC3761 – Enumservices registration at IANA ongoing – US LLC for CC 1 formed – 1st commercial ENUM service worldwide in Austria 2005 – ETSI TS 102 172 V2 “Minimum Requirements for Interoperability of ENUM Implementations” approved – ETSI TR 102 055 “Infrastructure ENUM” approved Richard Stastny

  15. ENUM Implementations Delegations in e164.arpa as of Dec. 31st, 2004 • 31 Netherlands • 33 France • 353 Ireland • 358 Finland • 36 Hungary • 374 Armenia • 40 Romania • 41 Switzerland • 420 Czech Republic • 421 Slovakia • 423 Liechtenstein • 43 Austria • 44 UK • 46 Sweden • 48 Poland • 49 Germany • 246 Diego Garcia • 247 Ascension • 290 Saint Helena • 55 Brazil • 61 Australia • 65 Singapore • 86 China • 88234 Global Networks • 87810 VISIONng UPT • 971 UAE • 1 North America soon to come • additional Asian countries (Korea, Japan, …) trials, but not in arpa http://www.ripe.net/enum/request-archives/http://www.centr.org/kim/enum/index.html Richard Stastny

  16. Summary • ENUM is available now • It works - technically and administrative • It is based on the reliable, scalable, globally available DNS infrastructure • It is simple to use (just dial a phone number as usual) • Enables all additional features provided on the Internet • lower cost, more functionality, better quality • without loosing the connectivity with the PSTN and the familiar phone numbers Richard Stastny

  17. The End Contact (not Content) is KingDouglas Rushkoff Thank you Richard Stastny ÖFEG +43 664 420 4100 richard.stastny@oefeg.at Richard Stastny

  18. Backup slides Richard Stastny

  19. Use the DNS for mapping • The Domain Name System is not only used to map domain names to IP addresses: • nic.at A 193.170.120.100 • but also to map to other types of resource records: • nic.at MX 200 mx2.univie.ac.at • so it can also be used to map phone numbers to NAPTR resource records IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+sip“ !^.*$!SIP:richard@iphone.at“! . Richard Stastny

  20. How does this work? • Since ENUM is used to map E.164 phone numbers to URIs, • one main application will be Internet Telephony or VoIP • a popular protocol for VoIP is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) • So we have to make a short deviation to explain how SIP works Richard Stastny

  21. What is THE basic requirement for ENUM? • A public SIP URI on the Internet • Any „IP Telephony or VOIP service“ not providing a SIP URI cannot be reached via the public Internet and cannot be used in ENUM • Vonage, Skype cannot be considered as VoIP Richard Stastny

  22. How does VoIP (SIP) work? SIP allows direct communication between clients using only IP addresses (peer-to-peer P2P) Internet INVITE sip:195.37.78.173 ACK media Richard Stastny

  23. The SIP Trapezoid But in most cases SIP proxies, the DNS and Address-of-Records are used Location Server DNS Server sip.iptel.org DNS QUERY SRV iptel.org REGISTERjiri@195.37.78.173. INVITE sip:jiri@iptel.org Internet Outbound Proxy Server Inbound Proxy Server INVITE sip:jiri@195.37.78.173 INVITE sip:jiri@iptel.org jiri@iptel.org media Richard Stastny

  24. So what is ENUM adding? The originating user may also enter a phone number instead of an URI ENUMDNS Server Location Server DNS Server DNS QUERY SRV iptel.org ENUM QUERY NAPTR 0.0.1.4.0.2.4.4.6.6.3.4.e164.arpa returns jiri@iptel.org Internet Outbound Proxy Server Inbound Proxy Server INVITE sip:jiri@195.37.78.173 INVITE tel:+436644204100 jiri@iptel.org +436644204100 media Richard Stastny

  25. Main Use Cases for ENUM • Business: „IP PBX“ and „IP Centrex“ • with geographic and/or corporate numbers • linking VoIP islands together globally via the Internet • will be reached from the PSTN via private or public gateways • Residential and Business: ENUM-driven numbers (+43780) • IP device can be reached from IP and PSTN (via generic gateways) • calls may be routed to IP directly from the originating PSTN network • Residential: mobile numbers • terminate IP originated calls on IP, plus eventually forwarding or forking to the mobile phone • PSTN operators may provide forced ENUM access from the PSTN via GG • Residential: geographic numbers • secondary line (separate termination on PSTN and IP) • primary line attached via terminal adapter or SIP-server with FXO port • primary line (ported out to VoIP), reached from PSTN via a Point-of Interconnect (PoI) Richard Stastny

  26. The ENUM "Tiers" Registry Tier-0 International-RIPE-NCC and ITU-TSB According to the interim procedures agreed between IAB and ITU-T TSB National CC 43 CC 1 Directs the DNS query to the customer’s Tier-2 providers. An NS* record is provided for each subscriber’s telephone number Registry Registry Tier-1 Tier-1 Stores a list of service specific internet addresses in the form of URI’s in a DNS resource record called NAPTR for each subscriber. Returns the full list of Internet addresses associated with the E.164 number being queried. Provider Tier-2 *An NS record is an authoritative Name Server DNS record used to delegate to subordinates Richard Stastny

  27. ENUM in Austria • First ENUM Consultation by RTR (Aug. 2001) • Delegation of 3.4.164.arpa via RTR to nic.at (May 2002) • Austrian ENUM (Trial) Platform (Sept. 2002) established • Austrian ENUM Trial in full operation (Oct. 2004) • New Austrian Telecommunication Law (TKG 2003) • based on the New European Regulatory Framework (NRF) • New Numbering Ordinance in Austria (May 2004) • taking VoIP and ENUM already into account • +43 720 for national portable numbers and VoIP • +43 780 for VoIP and ENUM (nomadic) • Contract between NRA (RTR) and Tier1 Registry (nic.at) • contains the policy framework for ENUM • the charter for the 3.4.e164.arpa domain • the validation guidelines for the Registrars • framework for contracts with registrars and validation entities • not defining validation procedures (only examples), but the margins for error • basic technical, operational and administrative requirements • Commercial service launched by enum.at (Dec. 2004) Richard Stastny

  28. Austrian National Activities 2005 • Start commercial deployment of ENUM 4Q2004 • Residential customers • ENUM-driven number range +43780 • Mobile numbers (opt-in) • geographic numbers (terminating on IP) (opt-in) • geographic numbers primary line on PSTN (opt-in) • Corporate Customers (IP PBX and IP Centrex) • Geographic/network numbers (opt-in, IP PBX) • Geographic/network numbers (opt-in, ported out, IP Centrex) • Deploy Generic Gateways (GG) and ENUM access codes from PSTN • Planned: • Make numbers in ENUM SMS- and MMS-enabled • Provide trusted identification on SIP for CLI (emergency service) • Provide certificates for E.164 numbers • to be used in signaling and validation • Usage of SIM-Cards and IMSI for mobile IP Communications • Provide location information and emergency service routing proxies Richard Stastny

  29. RFID tags Phone numbers (ENUM) Windows 2000 services Intranet Hosts Internet Hosts (machine names) 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 ENUM Myths • DNS is not fast enough.. • no appreciable effect on call setup times (400ms). • DNS won’t scale?!?! • 10 billion data items already • More data in intranets than outside • Over 100,000,000 delegations already • Every E-Mail including spam has to query DNS Richard Stastny

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