Qualitative Data Analysis

1. Qualitative Data Analysis

2. What is qualitative analysis? • It is the non-numerical examination and interpretation of observations. • Theorizing and analysis are tightly interwoven. • The primary activity of analysis is the search for patterns and explanations for those patterns. • The writing process itself is significant for structuring analysis.

3. Some approaches to qualitative analysis • Grounded Theory • (Glaser and Strauss) • Begins with observations and no preconceived hypotheses • Seeks to discovers patterns in the data. • Semiotics • search for meaning generation of “signs” • (photos, particular dress i.e. baggy pants, phrases: “feminist”) • approach often used in content analysis (ads)

4. Conversation Analysis • structure and norms around language and attached significance and meaning. • attention to pauses, tone, stuttering etc.

5. The Process • Data Collection and Transcription • Data Reduction • Coding • Memos • Anticipatory data reduction • decisions of what to ask and not ask • Concept Mapping (Data Displays) • Writing as analysis

6. Techniques of Coding • Color Coding • Writing in Margins • Word Processing Programs • Qualitative Data Analysis Programs

7. Recording and Managing Qualitative Data • Before data can be analyzed, they must be recorded and then gathered together into a form that makes analysis possible. • Data can be recorded in text form, by audio- or videotape, photographically, and by memory. • Each recording process has its advantages and disadvantages. • Sometimes sacrifice comprehensiveness and accuracy in favor of recording in a way that is least disruptive of participants.

8. Managing qualitative data can be overwhelming at times. • As tapes, transcripts, and field notes accumulate, keeping track of everything can be daunting. • Making detailed lists of participants' pseudonyms, along with the dates of their interviews, the date transcription was completed, and so on will help keep your data orderly. • Create a file system early on so that you don't drown in piles of paper. • There is qualitative data analysis software.

9. Analyzing Qualitative Data • There are some generic strategies that are part of almost every approach to data analysis. • immersion in the data • doing preliminary and informal analysis • making analytic memos • finding codes or themes • connecting the codes or themes into categories • searching for confirming and disconfirming evidence • building a conceptual framework that explains the findings