BELL WORK THOUGHTS?

1. BELL WORK THOUGHTS? • What are some annoying things parents do? • School? Chores? Telling you what to do? • What if they sent you to a technical school with no friends? • Do any of your parents have an idea of the career they want you to do? • How important is it to make your parents proud?

2. LECTURE 3– ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE UNIT 2 – GREECE & ROME CHAPTER 5 - GREECE

3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain how geography, culture, and government impacted Classical Greece • Objective 3.4: Summarize the impact of Alexander’s conquests and the resulting Hellenistic Culture. • THEME:The Greek culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

4. Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea SECTION 1 Warring City-States SECTION 2 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age SECTION 3 Alexander’s Empire SECTION 4 The Spread of the Hellenistic Culture SECTION 5

5. ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE CHAPTER 5 SECTION 4 Alexander the Great conquers Persia and Egypt and extends his empire to the Indus River in northwest India.

6. MACEDONIA

7. PHILIP BUILDS MACEDON • Macedonia • Macedonia— kingdom of mountain villages north of Greece • King Philip II — ruler, brilliant general; dreams of controlling Greece • Macedonians call themselves Greek; rest of Greece does not • Philip’s Army • Philip creates well-trained professional army; plans to invade Greece

8. 16 x 16 Phlanx Phalanx breaks through enemy lines The Calvary moved fast to surround enemy

9. A NEW KING • Conquest of Greece • 338 B.C. Macedonians defeat Greece; 336 B.C.King Philip murdered • King Philip’s son named king of Macedonia — becomes Alexander the Great • Alexander • Tutored by Aristotle; inspired by the Iliad; has military training • Becomes king when 20 years old; destroys Thebes to curb rebellion

10. CONQUERING PERSIA • Invasion of Persia • 334 B.C. Alexander invades Persia; quick victory at Granicus River • Darius III — king of Persiawho fights against Philip’s invasion • assembles army of 50,000–75,000 men • Alexander defeats Persians again, forces King of Persia to flee • Conquering the Persian Empire • Alexander marches into Egypt, crowned pharaoh in 332 B.C. • At Gaugamela in Mesopotamia, Alexander defeats Persians again • Alexander captures cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis • Persepolis, the Persian capital, burned to the ground • Ashes of Persepolis signal total destruction of Persian Empire

11. ALEXANDER’S LEGACY • Alexander in India • Alexander fights his way across the deserts of Central Asia to India • Alexander conquers Indus Valley area in 326 B.C.Reluctantly returns to Babylon, dies in 323 B.C. • Alexander’s Legacy • Alexander melds Greek and Persian cultures; wife is Persian • Empire becomes three kingdoms after his death: • (1) Macedonia, Greek city-states; (ANTIGONOUS) • (2) Egypt; (PTOLEMY) • (3) old Persia, also known as Seleucid kingdom(SELEUCUS)

12. ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE

13. THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE CHAPTER 5 SECTION 5 Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other influences, flourishes throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia.

14. HELENISTIC CULTURE • Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria • Result of Alexander’s policies — a new vibrant culture • Hellenistic culture — Greek blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian • The Koine language was a direct result of this blending • Trade and Cultural Diversity • Alexandria— Egyptian city becomes center of Hellenistic civilization • Alexandria’s Attractions • Lighthouse, called the Pharos, stands over 350 feet tall • Museum contains art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens, dining hall • Library holds masterpieces of ancient literature; supports scholars

15. SCHOLASTIC WORK • Alexandria’s Scholars • Scholars preserve Greek and Egyptian learning in the sciences • Astronomy • Astronomer Aristarchus proves sun is larger than Earth • Proposes planets revolve around sun; not accepted for 14 centuries • Eratosthenes uses geometry to calculate Earth’s circumference • Mathematics and Physics • Euclid— mathematician; Elements the basis for courses in geometry • Archimedes — scientist; ideas help build force pump and steam engine; estimated the value of pi, used pulleys to carry heavy objects by small force

16. IDEALS & ACHIEVEMENTS • Stoicism and Epicureanism • Zenofounds Stoic school; promoted simple lives • Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment • a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotion • Epicurus believes people should focus on what senses perceive • believed that what he called "pleasure" is the greatest good • the way to attain such pleasure is to live modestly and to gain knowledge and the limits of one's desires • Realism in Sculpture • Colossus of Rhodes — Hellenistic bronze sculpture over 100 feet tall • Sculptors move to non-classical, natural forms; real people

17. COLOSSUS AT RHODES

18. What is Alexander’s Lasting Legacy? HELLESNISTIC CULTURE!