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Richard M. Nixon

Richard M. Nixon. 1969 - 1974. Nixon and the ’70s. The Election of 1968. The 1968 presidential election marked a shift to the right in American politics . . Country is in Stagflation High inflation and unemployment. Increasing women / teenagers = work force Decline in new machinery

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Richard M. Nixon

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  1. Richard M. Nixon 1969 - 1974

  2. Nixon and the ’70s

  3. The Election of 1968 The 1968 presidential election marked a shift to the right in American politics.

  4. Country is in StagflationHigh inflation and unemployment • Increasing women / teenagers = work force • Decline in new machinery • Government regulations cut proits • Vietnam = drained tax dollars = deficit spending • high Inflation / Unemployment • Oil prices up and America used all foreign oil • Raised Taxes and interest rates to stop it

  5. Vietnam War The biggest foreign policy issues Nixon had to deal with during his presidency was dealing with the Vietnam War

  6. Nixon - Vietnam • Knowledge of Foreign Policy • Preferred it over American policy • Number one priority was gaining peace in Vietnam • Thought U.S. should be able to run itself • Vietnamization • Withdraw troops • Nixon Doctrine • Honor existing commitments, but Asians / others would have to fight their own wars w/o large bodies of U.S. troops

  7. Détente with Russia, China One of Nixon’s foreign affairs goals was friendlier relations with China and the Soviet Union Nixon and Kissinger developed a foreign affairs policy known as détente, which means cooperation President Nixon tours the Great Wall of China

  8. Détente (policy of easing cold war tensions) • Visits China= February 1972 • Economic / diplomatic relations • Neither would dominate Pacific • Scientific / cultural exchanges • Reunite Taiwan with mainland

  9. Détente cont. • Visits Moscow= May 1972 • Sell food - $750 million worth – grain • SALT(Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) = freezing nuclear weapons • 5 years

  10. Détente with Russia From 1972 to 1974, tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union eased

  11. Supreme Court • Nixon appoints 4 conservative justices • Tried to stop the “meddling” • Warren Court • Warren E. Burger = Burger Court • Liberal rulings • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Legalized abortion

  12. Home Front • Increased entitlements • Food Stamps • Medicaid • Supplemental Security Income (SSI) • Increase in Social Security = Cost of Living • Philadelphia Plan = Black apprentices • Hiring quotas = Affirmative Action • Opened opportunities for minorities / women

  13. Home Front • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Earth Day • Clean Air Act of 1970 • Endangered species Act of 1973

  14. Home Front Cont. • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Working Conditions • Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) • Harmful products

  15. Election of 1972 Nixon re-elected in a rout

  16. The Pentagon Papers In 1971, a former Defense Department worker leaked what were known as the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times The documents showed how our leaders had deceived Congress, the media, and the public about how the war was going The government had not been honest with the American people

  17. Energy Crisis • Yom Kippur War = October 1973 • Syrians / Egyptians = surprise attack on Israel • Regain territory – Six Day War • Kissinger – Sec. of State • Flew to Moscow – restrain / arming attackers • $2Billion in war materials sent to Israelis • Cease fire – diplomacy

  18. Energy Crisis Cont. • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • OPEC = 1960 • Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela • Gradually raising prices • Embargo on oil shipment to U.S. • Shortage = Energy Crisis = price • 1974 • Resumed selling • Price quadrupled

  19. Nixon and Watergate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MwsORIyko0

  20. What was Watergate? Watergate was one of the largest political scandals in the history of the United States

  21. What was Watergate? The Watergate scandal occurred when the Republicans were caught spying on the Democrats at the Democratic Headquarters

  22. What was Watergate? Watergate became a major scandal when President Nixon lied about his role in the break-in and tried to cover it up

  23. Watergate Cont. • Senate Committee Hearings • Televised • Nixon denies knowledge • Obstructing justice?? • Tape recorded Oval office conversations • Nixon refused to hand over tapes • “I am not a crook” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5tgrssDn1w • Saturday Night Massacre= Oct. 20, 1973 • Fired his prosecutor • Fired Attorney General, and Deputy Attorney General

  24. Watergate Cont. • Spring 1974 • Agrees to release a portion of tapes ( were edited) • Obscenities • July 24, 1974 • Supreme Court • Ruled = turn over all tapes • Gaps?? • 3 subpoenaed tapes • June 23, 1972 Conversation with Chief Aide • Smoking Gun tape • 6 days after Watergate • New about it • Ordered CIA to hold back inquiry by FBI • Cover-up • House Judiciary Committee • Impeachment • Obstruction of justice • Abuse of power • Contempt of Congress

  25. Nixon Resigns • August 8, 1974 • Nixon convinced to Resign before he could be impeached • Televised • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEOGJJ7UKFM • Constitution works • Cleaned its own house

  26. Nixon Resigns On August 9, 1974, Richard Nixon became the first American president to resign

  27. Aftermath of Watergate • Gerald Ford became the nation’s 37th president. • More than 30 government officials went to prison for their role in Watergate. Nixon was not one of them. • In September 1974, Ford gave Nixon a full pardon. • There was a public distrust of the government that continues to this day.

  28. Gerald Ford 1974 - 1977

  29. Unelected President • Gerald Ford = August 1974 • Selected, not elected • Pardons Nixon • Democrats outraged • tried to Fix economy • by Conserving • “WIN” = Whip Inflation Now • Recession • Worst in 40 years

  30. Bicentennial Campaign • Election 1976 • Republicans = Gerald Ford • Democrats = James Carter • “Jimmy” • Peanut farmer • Former Governor of Georgia • Baptist • “I’ll never lie to you” • Carter wins • 297 to 240 = 51% of popular vote • Democratic majority

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