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WAVES

WAVES. Wave motion allows a transfer of energy without a transfer of matter. TRANSVERSE WAVES. A transverse wave causes the particles in the medium to oscillate perpendicularly to the direction of wave travel. Direction of wave. Crest. Mean position. Trough. LONGITUDINAL WAVES.

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WAVES

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  1. WAVES Wave motion allows a transfer of energy without a transfer of matter

  2. TRANSVERSE WAVES • A transverse wave causes the particles in the medium to oscillate perpendicularly to the direction of wave travel Direction of wave Crest Mean position Trough

  3. LONGITUDINAL WAVES • A longitudinal wave causes the particles in the medium to oscillate in the direction of the wave. Rarefaction Compression

  4. Rarefaction

  5. TRANSVERSE WAVE eg light LONGITUDINAL WAVE eg sound Particle motion Direction of wave Direction of wave Particle motion Particles move to and fro at 900 to the direction of the wave in a transverse wave. Particles move to and fro in the direction of the wave in a longitudinal wave.

  6. WAVE CHARACTERISTICS • FrequencyThe frequency of a wave is the number of waves generated by a source in a second. • The symbol for frequency is f • Its unit is Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second • AmplitudeAmplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its mean position • The symbol for amplitude is A • It is measured in metres (m)

  7. Speeds of waves • With sound when travelling within a medium, the wave speed is constant, and independent of wave frequency. What will the time delay in hearing the sound from a brass band for an observer standing 660 m away? Assume the light arrives instantaneously and sound travels at 330 m/s.

  8. Wavelength • The distance between each cycle of the wave is called the wavelength. • Particles in phase • Particles travelling at the same speed in the same direction are said to be in phase • The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two successive points in phase. Direction of wave

  9. Wavelength is given the Greek symbollambda • Wavelength is a distance, measured in m PERIOD The period of a wave is the time taken for one wave to pass a given point. Period is given the symbol T It is measured in s

  10. The frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a point per second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second. If 2 pass each second its frequency is 2 Hertz The wavelength is distance between each cycle of the wave (the distance between consecutive crests) If the wavelength is 30 cm The wave speed or velocity is how fast the wave is travelling. Then the velocity of the wave is 2 x 30 = 60 cm/s http://www.crocodile-clips.com/absorb/AP4/sample/DJFPh065.html Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

  11. P 669-671 THE WAVE EQUATION Where v = wave speed f = frequency  = wavelength

  12. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of transverse electric and magnetic fields varying at right angles to each other. The entire pattern moves in a direction perpendicular to both E and B fields.

  13. 7.5 x 10-7m 7.0 x 10-7m 6.0 x 10-7m 5.0 x 10-7m 4 x 10-7m

  14. Properties of all electromagnetic waves 1. They transfer energy from one place to another 2. They are all transverse waves 3. They can be reflected, refracted, diffracted 4. They can all travel through a vacuum 5. They all travel at 3.00 x 108 m/s in a vacuum 6. The shorter the wavelength (the higher the frequency), the more penetrating they become and the more dangerous they are

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