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Grammar Workshop: Parallelism, Fragments, Run-Ons, Comma Splices

Join our workshop to learn about parallel structure, identifying fragments and run-on sentences, and proper use of commas and other punctuation marks.

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Grammar Workshop: Parallelism, Fragments, Run-Ons, Comma Splices

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  1. Grammar A-Z Learning Services, TH 131 Student Success Centre Brock University www.brocku.ca/learning-services Updated Jan 2017

  2. Agenda This workshop will focus on exercises to identify areas of focus.  • Parallelism • Sentence Fragments, Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices • Punctuation (commas, semi-colons, colons)

  3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE • Academic-Zone.com: See Advanced Grammar module pp. 23-24 for rules and practice questions. • Which of the two sentences shows parallel structure ?  • a. When the manager left the meeting, she told the staff to e-mail their meeting notes, review the report, and that they need to schedule their vacation.  • b. Before purchasing new equipment, you should weigh the purchasing cost against the rental cost and to consider the expense of hiring additional personnel. • c. Neither of the above sentences show parallel structure.

  4. Review: Parallel Structure a. Incorrect. (Faulty Parallel Structure) X When the manager left the meeting, she told the staff to email their meeting notes, review the report, andthat they need to schedule their vacation. • When the manager left the meeting, she told the staff to email their meeting notes, review the report, andschedule their vacation.

  5. Review: Parallel Structure b. Incorrect. (Faulty Parallel Structure) X Before purchasing new equipment, you should weigh the purchasing cost against the rental cost andto consider the expense of hiring additional personnel. • Before purchasing new equipment, you should weigh the purchasing cost against the rental cost and consider the expense of hiring additional personnel.

  6. Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices 

  7. Independent Clauses Independent clauses (i.e. complete sentences) have both a subject and a verb. If either is missing, it is a sentence fragment. X Singing in the rain.(fragment) • I like singing in the rain. • Singing in the rain is fun.

  8. Fragments: Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses) depend on more information to become complete sentences.  When a dependent clause is punctuated as a sentence, it is a fragment. XIf motorists are allowed to dump their garbage by the side of the road.(fragment) • I will be angry if motorists are allowed to dump their garbage by the side of the road. (corrected)

  9. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS, RUN-ON SENTENCES, & COMMA SPLICES Academic-Zone.com: See Advanced Grammar module pp. 25-34 for rules and practice questions. Which of the following is a complete sentence? a. All of the meetings will be held on the grounds of the convention centre it will save travel time and parking fees. b. If motorists are allowed to dump their garbage by the side of the road. c. Only if the customer asks for the additional insurance. d. Even after I boiled the chicken for two hours, it was pink in the middle. e. None of the above sentences are complete sentences.

  10. Review: Fragments & Run-on Sentences a. Incorrect (run-on) X All of the meetings will be held on the grounds of the convention centre it will save travel time and parking fees. • All of the meetings will be held on the grounds of the convention centre. It will save travel time and parking fees. b. Incorrect (fragment) X If motorists are allowed to dump their garbage by the side of the road. • If motorists are allowed to dump their garbage by the side of the road, I will be angry.

  11. Review: Fragments & Run-on Sentences c. Incorrect (fragment) X Only if the customer asks for the additional insurance. • You need to complete the full application only if the customer asks for the additional insurance. d. Correct • Even after I boiled the chicken for two hours, it was pink in the middle.

  12. Complex and Compound sentences Independent and Dependent clauses • Locate subjects and verbs, but distinguish between  independent  and dependent clauses. • Be familiar with conjunctions and  how they affect sentence structure and punctuation.

  13. Activity Join the following two sentences using the 3 types of conjunctions. Paul walks to the park. Andrew goes to the party.

  14. Review Paul walks to the park.         Andrew goes to the party.

  15. Commas, Semicolons, & Colons

  16. Commas

  17. Semicolons • to separate two closely related independent clauses • to separate items in a series if any of the items already contain commas Examples: • I like meat; however, I don’t eat it often. • The price of gold is volatile; however, the price of silver is stable. • The company recently fired John Smith, CEO; Janice Adams, VP of public relations; and Karen Brown, VP of manufacturing. 

  18. Colons • to introduce a list after an independent clause • to separate two independent clauses when the second one explains or expands upon the first one Examples: • I’m taking four classes: Biology, Math, Chemistry, and Statistics. • I’ll never forget what happened at the meeting last week: John announced his resignation. (Do NOT use a colon after “such as,” “include”, or “including.”)

  19. PUNCTUATION: COMMAS, SEMI-COLONS, & COLONS Academic-Zone.com: See Advanced Grammar module pp. 28-41 for rules and practice questions. Insert punctuation in the follow sentences. • The employees each identified the same problem we are understaffed. • Canadians have been slow to develop their sense of national identity nevertheless  they have great pride in their country. • The employees enjoyed celebrating birthdays but didn’t want to contribute to the social committee fund it  causes  problems every year  regardless of who collects the funds. . We are : We are ; we are . Nevertheless, ; nevertheless, . It causes : It causes ; it causes year, regardless

  20. PUNCTUATION: COMMAS & SEMI-COLONS • There are five doors in this hallway however only one leads out of the building. • The candidates are Janice Feldon sales manager Kaine Lester accountant Edgar Misener sales representative and Frank Bertram human resources manager.

  21. Review: Punctuation 4. There are five doors in this hallway. However, only one leads out of the building. There are five doors in this hallway; however, only one leads out of the building. 5. The candidates are Janice Feldon, sales manager;Kaine Lester, accountant; Edgar Misener, sales representative; and Frank Bertram, human resources manager.

  22. WORD settings Change the settings on your Grammar/Spelling Check • Click on ‘Review’ from the main toolbar and choose ‘Spelling & Grammar’ • Click ‘Options’ • Scroll down to ‘When checking spelling and grammar in Word’ • Change ‘Grammar only’ to ‘Grammar and Style’ • Click ‘Settings’ • Choose from the options provided (including options like parallel structure, passive voice, wordiness, clichés, colloquialisms and slang etc.)

  23. Thank you! Other Services Available: Join our Sakai site: https://lms.brocku.ca/portal/site/Learning_Skills_ServicesLearning Skills (SSC) Brock University @Learning_Skillsbrocku.ca/learning-services • Drop-In Services • One-on-One Consultations • Tutor Registry • And much, much more! • At a Glance: Keys to Success Manual • Workshops • Order-a-Workshop

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