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Nationalism, 1848 Revolutions, and German/Italian Unification. Nationalism. Reaction against Enlightenment ideal of cosmopolitanism – all human beings belong together
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Nationalism, 1848 Revolutions, and German/Italian Unification
Nationalism • Reaction against Enlightenment ideal of cosmopolitanism – all human beings belong together • Nationalism develops because of greater literacy (vernacular and printing press) and industrial revolution (transportation, rise of cities)
Nationalism can be either collectivist, or individualistic • Collective=authoritarian • Individualistic=liberal • Depends on how well the individual is respected
Collective usually based on ethnicity, individualistic based on civic
1848 Revolutions • -1848-1852 • Europe has series of revolutions, all failed • All countries restored with either dictatorship, or conservative rule