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Prospects for Improved Global Mapping of Development Using VIIRS Data

Prospects for Improved Global Mapping of Development Using VIIRS Data. Chris Elvidge Earth Observation Group NOAA-NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305 USA Tel. 1-303-497-6121 Email: chris.elvidge@noaa.gov Kimberly Baugh

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Prospects for Improved Global Mapping of Development Using VIIRS Data

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  1. Prospects for Improved Global Mapping of Development Using VIIRS Data Chris Elvidge Earth Observation Group NOAA-NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305 USA Tel. 1-303-497-6121 Email: chris.elvidge@noaa.gov Kimberly Baugh Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado USA June 10, 2012

  2. Lights At Night! Boats Cities Industrial Sites Gas Flares Fires

  3. Artificial lighting is a excellent remote sensing observable!

  4. Two Satellite Systems Collect Low Light Imaging Data at Nights In both cases the purpose of the low light imaging is the detection of moonlit clouds U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). 1972 to present. NASA-NOAA Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Launched October 28, 2011.

  5. Comparing DMSP and VIIRS DMSP VIIRS NASA-NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Polar orbiting 01:30 and 13:30 overpasses 3000 km swath 22 spectral bands DNB panchromatic low light imaging 742 meter GSD 750 meter GIFOV 14 bit quantization in DNB In flight calibration No saturation Direct broadcast not encrypted Archives at NCDC and NGDC Launched in 2011 Series expected to continue for several decades • U.S. Air Force • Polar orbiting • 07:30 and 19:30 overpasses • 3000 km swath • Two spectral bands (vis and TIR) • Panchromatic low light imaging • 2.7 km ground sample distance • 5 km+ ground instantaneous field of view • 6 bit quantization (vis) • No inflight calibration • Saturation on bright lights in operational collections • Direct broadcast encrypted • Archive at NGDC • Flown since 1972 • May continue another three years?

  6. DMSP Nighttime VisibleMay 21, 2012 at ~19:30 local time

  7. NGDC has produced a time series of DMSP annual cloud-free nighttime lights composites (1992-2011)

  8. Shortcomings of DMSP Nighttime Lights • Coarse spatial resolution of the OLS • 2.7 km GSD • 5+ km GIFOV • OLS lights are larger than sources on the ground • “Overglow” surrounds bright sources • No visible band calibration • 6 bit quantization • Urban centers saturate in operational data • No 3-5 um band for fires Contrast enhanced to show dim lighting

  9. VIIRS- Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite

  10. VIIRS Nighttime Day / Night Band (DNB)May 21, 2012 at ~ 01:30 local time

  11. VIIRS versus DMSP May 21, 2012 OLS VIIRS

  12. Detection of Villages in VIIRS Nighttime Visible (DNB)May 21, 2012 at ~ 01:30 local time VIIRS OLS

  13. What Else VIIRS Has To Offer Fire detections - discriminate lights from combustion sources. Cloud optical thickness and snow cover to rate the quality of light detections. Aerosol daytime only Clouds day and night Fires day and night Snow Cover

  14. What needs to be developed Light detection algorithm Terrain correction – DNB data are not terrain corrected since the primary mission is detection of moonlit clouds. Atmospheric correction – to estimate upwelling radiances at the earth surface.

  15. The Way Forward • Reuse portions of NGDC algorithm base for processing DMSP nighttime lights: • Terrain correction • Light detection • Cloud-free compositing • MODTRAN atmospheric correction

  16. VIIRS Stray Light The DMSP light detection algorithm operates with overlapping square tiles to define detection thresholds and assumes that the majority of tile pixels are background. The square tile approach does not appear to be appropriate for VIIRS due to stray light problem.

  17. Light Detection Rather than square tiles – it may be more appropriate to analyze individual scanlines – defining a background and noise level that varies from left to right.

  18. NGDC’s plan for a 2012 global map of development Initial product will be a mosaic made with a relatively low number of repeat observation. October 2012. Subsequently a full year product will be processed to characterize the variability in lighting. March 2013. Participate in GEO SB-04 collaborations.

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