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Southwest Asia Today Chapter 6

Southwest Asia Today Chapter 6. Dubai, UAE. Georgia Standards. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on North Africa/Southwest Asia. Describe the major climates of SWA and how they have affected the development of the area.

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Southwest Asia Today Chapter 6

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  1. Southwest Asia TodayChapter 6 Dubai, UAE

  2. Georgia Standards • Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on North Africa/Southwest Asia. • Describe the major climates of SWA and how they have affected the development of the area. • Analyze the impact of natural resources, especially oil, have on SWA. • Analyze the impact of water supplies on the growth of population centers. • Explain the impact of Judaism, Christianity and Islam on the development of the region’s culture. • Explain why this region contains areas on two different continents. • Describe the major ethnic and cultural groups in SWA; include major customs and traditions

  3. Standard of Livingvs. Literacy Rate & GDP per capita • Literacy Rate – percentage of the population at a specific age who can read and write • GDP per capita – GDP based on population • Standard of Living – the degree of wealth and material comfort available to the general population of a country. • GDP – total value of all goods and services. Gross Domestic Product Are literacy rate and GDP linked to standard of living?

  4. High standards of livingvs.Low standards of living • Israel • Literacy rate – 97% • GDP per capita - $29800 • Manufacturing • Saudi Arabia • Literacy rate – 79% • GDP per capita - $24200 • Oil production • Yemen • Literacy rate – 50% • GDP per capita - $2700 • Oil production • Afghanistan • Literacy rate – 28% • GDP per capita - $900 • Agriculture

  5. Other Standards of Living • United States • Literacy Rate – 99% • GDP per person - $47,200 (312,407,000) • Qatar • Literacy Rate – 93.1% • GDP per person $179,000 (< 300,000 people) • Iraq • Literacy Rate - 74% • GDP per person $3,800 • Cuba • Literacy Rate 99.9% • Second highest in world • GDP per person - $9,900 • China • Literacy Rate – 95.9% • GDP per person - $7,600 • Population – 1,346,780,000

  6. The Eastern Mediterranean • Includes Turkey, Jordan, Israel,Lebanon and Palestinian territories • Faced many conflicts • Struggle to achieve peace • Camp David Accords • Not much oil but they do have areas with mild climates and fertile lands • Farming is important

  7. World Literacy Map

  8. Turkey • Mild Mediterranean climate and largest population (78,000,000) • Agriculture for local use • Exports cotton and tobacco • Produces textiles, steel, and cars • Gradually moved from gov’t-directed economy to more private enterprise • 75% of people live in cities

  9. Israel • Highly developed and industrial economy • High tech manufacturing, financial services, and agriculture • Government owns many businesses but is gradually privatizing companies • #24th largest economy in world Diamond Exchange Area

  10. The Arabian Peninsula • Oil exports support economies • Oil discovered in 1930’s • Major suppliers of the world’s energy • OPEC • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Decide how much oil to produce and price • 12 member nations around the world

  11. Saudi Arabia • World’s leading producer of oil • Schools, hospitals, roads, and airports built with oil income • Building new industries to diversify economy • 95% of oil industry operated by government • Relies on specialized labor from other countries • Gov’t trying to increase private ownership of business

  12. The Persian Gulf Countries • Includes Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) • Profits from oil exports used to build strong, wealthy economies • Education, health care, and other services provided to citizens for free • Diversifying economy in case oil runs out

  13. Economic continuum Command SA T I Market • • • •

  14. Assessment • Literacy Rate • GDP • Qatar • OPEC • Turkey • Saudi Arabia • Israel • Afghanistan • Highest GDP per person in world • Total of goods and services sold in a country • Organization which keeps oil prices high for the world • Eastern Mediterranean nation with modern economy and 78 million people • Lowest GDP per person ($900) and lowest literacy rate (28%) • % of people over 15 who can read and write • 24th in world GDP, modern economy, financial center, diamond industry • World’s largest oil reserves

  15. Governments of Middle East • Let’s review the different types of governments • Absolute Monarchy • Dictatorship • Autocracy • Oligarchy • Democracy/Republic • Parliamentary • Presidential • Theocracy • Benjamin Netanyahu, • King Abdullah, • MahmoudAhmadinejad

  16. EQ: How do the governments of the Middle east differ? Can you compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the monarchy of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms?

  17. Israel • Parliamentary Democracy • Prime Minister is elected by parliament • Parliament is known as Knesset(120 members, 4 yr. terms) • Coalition government of many parties. 32 different governments since Israel was established in 1948. • Prime Minister is Benjamin Netanyahu • President is a ceremonial role, not part of three branches • Major issue is security. • All “citizens” can vote and speak freely.

  18. Saudi Arabia • Saudi Arabia is an Islamic absolute monarchy • The Qur'an is declared to be the constitution of the country, which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a). No elections or political parties. • The King of Saudi Arabia is both head of state and the head of government, but decisions are made on the basis of consultation among the senior princes of the royal family and the religious establishment. • King Abdullah has ruled since 2005. • Law is according to king’s decree. • King is the government!

  19. Iran • Islamic revolution in 1979. • Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is the Head of State. • Religious leader – theocracy • “Supreme Leader” according to Koran • The current President of Iran is Hassan Rouhani, who assumed office on August 3, 2013, after the 2013 Iranian presidential election. He succeeded Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who served 8 years in office from 2005 to 2013. • Candidates must be approved prior to running for office. Still see U.S. as their enemy. • Pressured with economic sanctions to stop developing nuclear weapons.

  20. Iraq • Saddam Hussein (former dictator)was captured (2003) by U.S. and tried by the Iraqi government. • U.S. has sponsored elections but split between Sunni, Shiite and Kurds has made free elections difficult. • 2010 Open and free elections of • Prime Minister – Kamal Al Maliki • Parliamentary Government • U.S. soldiers are leaving • Violence continues to disrupt stability

  21. Afghanistan • United States – goal – stabilize and bring democracy. • Constitution set in 2004 with help of N.A.T.O. • HamadKarzai – president elected in 2009. • Democracy has been slow to grow!

  22. Assessment • Israel • Iran • Saudi Arabia • Democracy • Monarchy • Theocracy • Ayatollah Khamenei • Benjamin Netanyhu • King Abdullah

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