Connecting Bucks with the Cosmos: Six Policy Questions for the New Fiscal Year

1. Connecting Bucks with the Cosmos:Six Policy Questions for the New Fiscal Year Joel Parriott Office of Management and Budget

2. Office of the Vice President* Chief of Staff* Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality Domestic Policy Council National Economic Council National Security Council Office of Homeland Security Office of Management and Budget* Office of National Drug Control Policy* Office of Science & Technology Policy Office of the United States Trade Representative* #1: What is the nature of the Executive Office of the President? EXOP includes: * Cabinet rank members

3. Political Director & Deputy Directors Program Associate Directors Run the RMOs (next slide) Career Division Associate Directors Branch Chiefs Program Examiners OMB Structure There are also important statutory & support offices.

4. Natural Resource Programs DOE, NASA, NSF, USDA, EPA Human Resource Programs NIH, DoEd General Government Programs DHS, NOAA, NIST National Security Programs DOD, NNSA OMB Resource Management Office Jurisdiction

5. Agency internal reviews: March-August OMB sends guidance to agencies: May/June Agencies brief OMB: September-October OMB internal reviews: October-November OMB response (“passback”): Thanksgiving Appeal and settling process: Early December-Early January Budget numbers & text locked: January Budget sent to Congress: Early February #2: How is the President’s Budget sausage made each year?

6. #3: Are there different colors of money? OSTP’s Mike Holland (as quoted in Science): “It helps to think of the government as an insurance company with an army.”

7. Federal 2004 Budget($2.2 Trillion in Outlays) Homeland Security Federal S&T:$60 billion (~15%)

8. #4: What are the Administration’s priorities for the 2004 Budget? • Making our people safe • Strengthening our economy

9. 100 Baseline 0 0 Economic Growth Package - 100 Medicare - 200 - 300 Defense and Homeland Security - 400 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 The Unwelcome Return of Deficits Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) in billions of dollars Education Veterans Homeownership Global AIDS Initiative Health Care for the Uninsured Other Priorities NB: Does not include $79 billion Supplemental Bill for War on Terrorism

10. Percentage growth 2003 - 2004 requests 12 Global AIDS 10 Millennium 8 Challenge Account 6 Famine 4 4 Diplomatic & Consular Foreign 2 Military Other 0 Nat'l Homeland EPA Veterans State & Int'l Budget Family Defense Education Science Security Assistance Income Operating Affairs Total Foundation (Discretionary) Program The 2004 Budget Increase Reflects the Nation’s Priorities

11. The Big FivePercent Change in S&T Budgets Defense

12. #5: What about the “M” in OMB? From Examiner Training Materials: “The fact that [a program] ‘serves’ a ‘needy’ population is immaterial to you, if the service is not effective, is not adequately or efficiently provided, or is not worth the investment.”

13. Most sweeping assessment of federal programs - 234 programs ($494 billion) 20% of programs to be added each year Introduced this year: Performance Rating Assessment Tool (PART) Of the 234 programs, 32 were R&D. “Government should be results-oriented—guided not by process but by performance.” –George W. Bush

14. Not Just How much but How wellRatings of Sample R&D Programs

15. Priorities, priorities, priorities If the science community doesn’t set them, someone else will. OSTP-OMB Guidance Memo International context Interagency cooperation #6: Are there policy issues at exceedingly small dollar amounts?