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[TIDAL WAVE AND OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY PRODUCTION]

[TIDAL WAVE AND OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY PRODUCTION]. Tom Speer. Purpose. Review new perspectives on tidal energy. Inform audience about tidal/current energy production Find areas in need of Further Research. Find the most current research and educate audience.

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[TIDAL WAVE AND OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY PRODUCTION]

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  1. [TIDAL WAVE AND OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY PRODUCTION] Tom Speer

  2. Purpose • Review new perspectives on tidal energy. • Inform audience about tidal/current energy production • Find areas in need of Further Research. • Find the most current research and educate audience. • Try to persuade the audience to support topic.

  3. The Beginning • Greek cities first utilized water to power there wheat and saw mills. • In the 1700’s French hydraulic engineer Bernard Forest de Belindor developed the first horizontal and vertical axis machines. • These machines used pumps and waterwheels to produce energy.

  4. U.S. Harnessing Electric Power • 1881, The city of Niagara Falls used one of the first hydro-electric machines to power street lamps to light the city. • By 1907 hydropower provided 15% of all U.S. electrical needs • 1940, hydropower tripled to reach an all time high, producing 40% of all U.S. electricity

  5. Currently • Most energy in the United States is produced by fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants, hydroelectricity is still important to the Nation, as about 7 percent of total power is produced by hydroelectric plants. 80,000 MW • 30,000 MW of potential production still available. • Why cant we harness more? • How can we harness more?

  6. Undeveloped low power, low head hydropower sites in the contiguous United States. The light blue dots show sites with less than 100 kW of hydropower potential. The dark green and brown dots show sites with a hydropower potential of 100 kW to 1 MW. The purple areas are excluded from hydropower development. Source: Hydropower Potential of the United States with Emphasis on Low Head/Low Power Resources (PDF 3.6 MB), p. 17.

  7. Tidal Wave & Ocean Current Energy Production • The Wavebob • Ireland chose to invest in this new technology. • Wave power could produce up to 70% of Irelands energy. • Average electrical power 500kW • How Wavebob Works • Hydraulic pumps generate electricity while moving up and down while surface water causes the device to bob • The Wavebob is an axi-symmetric buoy structure on slack moorings which makes it inherently sea-worthy. • The Wavebob typically carries three or four motor-alternator sets, all or some of which may be entrained, depending on incident wave energy.

  8. Extreme sea states also contain some of the harshest environments on earth making installation and maintenance difficult and creating issues around the survivability of the devices.

  9. Pelamis “Sea Snake” Device derived in Portugal, Floats atop the ocean’s surface. Each of the Pelamis’s converters segments is about the size of a train car. Passing waves bend the joints while hydraulic rams work to pump oil at high pressure through motors producing electricity.

  10. The Newest in Production Open Hydro Group Model Ocean Turbine

  11. Ocean Turbine • Submerged water turbines similar to wind turbines. • These turbines have rotor blades, a generator for converting the rotational energy into electricity. • Transporting the electrical current to shore for incorporation into the electrical grid. • installed on buoys and driven by tidal and ocean currents rotating the turbine at between 10 and 20 rpm.  • Power output is predictable based on tide tables

  12. Open Hydro Group Model • December 2006, Irish energy technology company OpenHydro successfully completed the installation of the first tidal turbine • With a hole in the middle of a generator, water is pushed through the hub, turning the wheel and creating electric energy

  13. Areas in Need of Further Research Slow Water Currents • 80% of earths currents are slower than 3 knots. • New prototypes are being used to create energy from slow moving ocean and river water. • This technology may be the answer to questions asked about slow current production

  14. Slow Current Energy “Vivace” • Called Vivace, is inspired by the way fish swim, and consists of a system of cylinders positioned horizontal to the water flow and attached to springs • can generate energy using currents that are as slow as under 1 knot and do not obstruct views or access on the water's surface • 1 x 1.5 kilometers (less that 1/2 square mile) in a current of 3 knots could generate enough power for 100,000 homes.  

  15. Conclusion • Currently hydropower provides more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable sources • The Irish are at the top in developing and producing this new technology • Hydro-power provides unique benefits that are rarely found in other energy sources. It could help prevent the burning of over 22 billion gallons of oil or 120 million tons of coal • Time is now for the change in our energy source, one may see a future in this clean, abundant energy source • help support the investments and advances in the energy production for future generations

  16. References • Wave power push for new WA desalination plant.Preview Ecos, Jun/Jul2007 Issue 137, p5-5, 2/3p, 1 color; (AN 26080553) • Capturing Energy Under the Sea.Preview Futurist, Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p2-2, 1/4p, 2 color; (AN 36400438) • Wave Power.Preview By: Wilson, Stiv J.. E - The Environmental Magazine, May/Jun2008, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p18-21, 3p; (AN 31967733) • Who Owns the Tides?Preview By: Hartzell, Frank. E - The Environmental Magazine, May/Jun2008, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p20-20, 2/3p; (AN 31967734) • WAVES OF CHANGE.Preview By: J. R. P.. E - The Environmental Magazine, Jul/Aug2008, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p24-24, 1/5p; (AN 32800544) • Blue Power: Turning Tides into Electricity.Preview By: Holzman, David C.. Environmental Health Perspectives, Dec2007, Vol. 115 Issue 12, pA590-A593, 4p, 6 color; (AN 27952401) • Tidal current energy extraction: hydrodynamic resource characteristics.Preview By: Couch, S. J.; Bryden, I.. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers -- Part M -- Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2006, Vol. 220 Issue 4, p185-194, 10p, 3 graphs; DOI: 10.1243/14750902JEME50; (AN 23529338) • ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE: Hydroelectric Project Blasts into Alaskan Lake.Preview By: Reid, Robert L.. Civil Engineering (08857024), Nov2008, Vol. 78 Issue 11, p26-29, 4p, 1 color; (AN 34992510) • The Current Status and Future Opportunities of Hydroelectricity.Preview By: Bakis, R.. Energy Sources Part B: Economics, Planning & Policy, Jul2007, Vol. 2 Issue 3, p259-266, 8p, 5 charts, 2 diagrams, 1 graph; DOI: 10.1080/15567240500402958; (AN 25958499) • Hydropower and the World's Energy Future.Preview By: Kaygusuz, Kamil. Energy Sources, Feb2004, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p215-224, 10p; (AN 12253095) • Life cycle assessment of the Seagen marine current turbine.Preview By: Douglas, C. A.; Harrison, G. P.; Chick, J. P.. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers -- Part M -- Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2008, Vol. 222 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p, 4 charts, 3 diagrams, 3 graphs, 1 bw; DOI: 10.1243/14750902JEME94; (AN 30056108) • A low-speed generator for energy conversion from marine currents – experimental validation of simulations.Preview By: Thomas, K.; Grabbe, M.; Yuen, K.; Leijon, M.. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers -- Part A -- Power & Energy, Jun2008, Vol. 222 Issue 4, p381-388, 8p, 1 chart, 4 diagrams, 1 graph, 2 color; DOI: 10.1243/09576509JPE567; (AN 32854836) Images found on Google's image search premiere

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