1 / 45

Computer Systems and Graphics

Computer Systems and Graphics. What is the goal of computer graphics?. High level, why computer graphics? Lower level, what is the computer doing?. Generating Images. Images are made up of pixels. RGB. RGB Color cube (what we use in computer graphics).

pillan
Download Presentation

Computer Systems and Graphics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer Systems and Graphics

  2. What is the goal of computer graphics? • High level, why computer graphics? • Lower level, what is the computer doing?

  3. Generating Images • Images are made up of pixels

  4. RGB RGB Color cube (what we use in computer graphics) Other color spaces include HSV, YUV, YCrCb, and YIQ

  5. The “goal” of computer graphics • Solve the function • Red @ a pixel is f(i,j)=… • Green @ a pixel is f(i,j)=… • Blue @ a pixel is f(i,j)=…

  6. Early Applications of Computer Graphics • Data Visualization • Charts and Graphs

  7. Early Applications of Computer Graphics • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Q: Why wireframe? • Why these apps? • A: Better conceptualization, interaction, transfer of ideas

  8. Computer Graphics Applications • Virtual Reality • VR: User interacts and views with a 3D world using “more natural” means • Best VR? • Data Visualization • Scientific, Engineering, Medical data • Visualizing millions to billions of data points • See trends • Different schemes

  9. Computer Graphics Applications • Education and Training • Models of physical, financial, social systems • Comprehension of complex systems • Computer Art • Fine and commercial art • Performance Art • Aesthetic Computing • SIGGRAPH • Games/Movies

  10. Computer Graphics Applications • Image Processing • ~Inverse of Graphics • Start with a picture • Process picture information • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) • WIMP interface • HCI

  11. Overview of Graphics Systems • Images • Hardware • Input Systems • Output Systems • Software • OpenGL

  12. Two Dimensional Images • Images (at least the ones in this class) are two dimensional shapes. • The two axes we will label as X (horizontal), and Y (vertical). +Y Y Axis (0,0) X Axis +X

  13. Hardware Pipeline Input Computation Output We want to draw a rectangle, how do we describe it to a computer? Model (n) - object description that a computer understands.

  14. Partition the space 1. Define a set of points (vertices) in 2D space. 2. Given a set of vertices, draw lines between consecutive vertices. (7,9) (14,9) (7,3) (14,3) Vertex (pl. Vertices) - a point in 2 or 3 dimensional space.

  15. Record every position Bitmap - a rectangular array of bits mapped one-to-one with pixels.

  16. How do we do this?

  17. Input Devices • Locator Devices • Keyboard • Scanner • Images • Laser • Cameras (research)

  18. Locator Devices When queried, locator devices return a position and/or orientation. • Mouse (2D and 3D) • Trackball • Joystick (2D and 3D)

  19. Locator Devices When queried, locator devices return a position and/or orientation. • Tablet • Virtual Reality Trackers • Data Gloves • Digitizers

  20. Keyboard • Text input • List boxes, GUI • CAD/CAM • Modeling • Hard coded • Vertex locations are inserted into code

  21. Scanners • Image Scanners - Flatbed, etc. • What type of data is returned? Bitmap • Laser Scanners - Deltasphere • Emits a laser and does time of flight. Returns 3D point • Camera based - research • Examine camera image(s) and try to figure out vertices from them.

  22. Many others • Light Pens • Voice Systems • Touch Panels • Camera/Vision Based • Which is best?

  23. Common Modeling Approach • Hybrid • Animator jobs

  24. Computation Stage • Now that we have a model of what we want to draw, what goes on inside the computer to generate the output? Input Computation Output Computation Transformations Rasterization

  25. Computation Stage Computation Output Model Rasterization Transformations Transformed Model

  26. Displays in Virtual Reality • Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) • The display and a position tracker are attached to the user’s head • Head-Tracked Displays (HTDs) • Display is stationary, tracker tracks the user’s head relative to the display. • Example: CAVE, Workbench, Stereo monitor

  27. 3D Glasses 3D Display 3D Object

  28. Graphics Software • Special purpose software • AutoCAD • Medical Visualization • Paint • Photoshop • How about 3D modeling ?

  29. 3D Computer Animation • Scientist and engineers used 3-D computer animation to produce graphic representations of the data. • Entertainment industry used computer animation and computer animation become popular. • In 1993, Hollywood released Jurassic Park which captured the public's imagination

  30. What is 3-D Computer Animation? • Computer animation consists of a series of individual images. • These images are stored one at a time in the computer. They are viewed at the normal playback speed of 30 frames per second. The result is a moving picture, or animation. • 3-D animation allows the viewer to move around the scene and change perspective over time. • An animator is required to ensure that the animation looks natural and believable.

  31. Benefits Provided by 3-D Computer Animation • A computer animation can graphically simplify complex concepts which are difficult to visualize. • 3-D computer animation captures attention. • It can communicate more information, at a faster rate, than an oral description can. • Best of all, information presented as moving images is retained by the viewer for a longer time and with greater accuracy

  32. Benefits Provided by 3-D Computer Animation • A computer animation can re-create an event which is too expensive or too dangerous to reproduce, such as an aircraft accident. • It can re-create a scene which has been altered or which no longer exists, such as a building which has been demolished. • When used as an illustrative tool, computer animation can help the presenter maintain focus. It creates interesting presentation.

  33. 3D Computer Animation Software • Maya • the industry standard high-end 3D computer program. Most of the popular computer games are made with Maya software. • 3D Studio Max • 3DS MAX • The world's most popular animation modeling, and rendering solution for film, television, games and design visualization • Softimage, • Lightwave • Animator Studio

  34. 3-D Computer Animation is growing! • 3-D Computer Animation is the world’s fastest growing creative technology. • 3-D dominates in the animated feature, game, special effect, interactive, and commercial industry • Computer 3-D animation is taking over the film world • Computer Animated are breaking box office records • Computers are used for many of the special effects in live-action films, and digitized actors. • The field of 3-D animated video, computer, and interactive games has grown amazingly

  35. Principles of animation • Animation is not easy. Each second of computer animated video has 30 separate images. The number of images that need to be generated to create even a very short film

  36. Principles of animation • Modeling: Building objects and creatures from primitive shapes, polygonal modeling, and/or sculpting with curves and points. • Motion: Animating the objects and creatures you model using key frames, path and shape animation, simulation, deformation. • Character Construction: Creating skeletons, attaching skins to skeletons. • Color and Texture: Creating, importing, and applying multiple textures to objects/creatures; defining color, reflectivity, and transparency. • Rendering: Lights, camera, compiling movies, adding sound.

  37. Jobs: Motion Picture Production & Distribution • Employment is projected to grow rapidly. • Employment is centered in several major cities, particularly New York and Los Angeles • Many workers have formal training, but experience, professionalism, talent, and creativity are the most important factors for getting many jobs in this industry

  38. CAREERS in Computer Animation • 3D Computer Modeler • Animator • Art Director • Graphic Artist • Interface Designer • Multi Media Design Engineer

  39. Some Example of Companies & Computer Animated Films • PixarThe computer animation at Pixar have been around since 1984 • Toy Story, • A Bug's Life • Monsters, Inc • Finding Nemo • Disney PicturesDisney teamed up with Pixar to create films • Dreamworks Pixar's main competitor • Shrek

  40. Famous Computer Animated movies • HARRY POTTER • THE LORD OF THE RINGS • THE MATRIX • MEN IN BLACK • MINORITY REPORT • SCOOBY-DOO • SOLARIS • SPIDER-MAN • STAR WARS

  41. Resource • Turgut Tezir , 3D Computer Animation • www.cise.ufl.edu/CAP4730: Computational Structures in Computer Graphics

More Related