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Ecology = study of interactions between organisms & their environment http://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg. ECOLOGICAL TERMS. species. population. community. ecosystem. biosphere.
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Ecology= study of interactionsbetween organisms& their environmenthttp://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg
ECOLOGICAL TERMS species population community ecosystem biosphere
Carrying Capacity= the maximumsize of a population that can still be supported by the environmenthttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_bucket.gifhttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_chart.gif
An ecological niche includes:http://www.shenet.org/high/hsacaddept/science/mkilmartin/mkimages/bluejay.gif • Habitat • Nutrition • Competition • Reproduction • Behavior • EVERYTHINGabout the organism…
Autotrophs synthesize their own glucose(food) http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~ishort/Images/Earth/Atmos/photosynthesis.jpg CO2 + H2O + energy (light) C6H12O6+ O2
TheCarbonCyclehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gifTheCarbonCyclehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gif
The Oxygen Cyclehttp://www.kminot.com/art/charts/cow_main.jpg
The Water Cyclehttp://www.coe.ilstu.edu/scienceed/basolo/water/cycle2.JPG
Energy Flow in an Ecosystemhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5401.jpg FOOD CHAINS
Herbivores,Carnivores&Omnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpgHerbivores,Carnivores&Omnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpg
ENERGY PYRAMIDhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5405.jpg
PRIMARY CONSUMERS PRODUCERS ENERGY PYRAMID SECONDARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS
FOOD WEBhttp://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF
Bacteria&Fungiare the majordecomposers(organisms of decay)http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/basic_components_of_life.htmhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsi.gif
Symbiotic Relationshipshttp://eebweb.arizona.edu/Animal_Behavior/lycaenids/lycaen2.htm Mutualism: Both species benefit Example: In pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar) and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (reproduction). Parasitism: One species benefits; the other is harmed Example: Tick gains benefit by sucking blood; hostis harmed by losing blood. http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/tick.gif Commensalism: One species benefits; the other is unaffected Example: Mammal dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the mammals.
(Primary) Ecological Successionhttp://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note/Image694.gif
Secondary Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm Stage 2. After several years of farming, this field was abandoned. For the next few years, annual weeds, grasses, wildflowers, and other plants invaded the bare soil, creating habitat for mice, meadowlarks, and other open-field wildlife. Originally, this farm field was a deep forestfilled with towering beech and maple trees. Stage 1. Over time the forest was cleared for farming, bringing about major changes to the kinds of plants and wildlife that could live here.
Secondary Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm Stage 4. Over time, oakand hickory trees grew tall and shaded out most of the shrubs, creating forest habitat once again. Squirrels and wild turkey replaced chipmunks and robins. Beech and maple seedlings grew much faster in the shade, and soon stretched above the others. As the original oak and hickory trees died and fell, the spaces they left in the forest canopy were filled by beeches and maples growing up from below. Stage 3. Eventually, shrubsand small trees seeded into the field. As these new plants grew, their leaves and outstretched branches shaded out the smaller plants below, creating a different kind of habitat. Chipmunks and robins were among the animals attracted to this new habitat. Stage 5. More than 200 years after this forest was first cleared for farming, it returned to beech-mapleforest again through the process of succession. For this location, beech-maple forest is the “climax community” - the association of plants and animals that will remain stable until disturbed by an outside force - such as fire, wind, disease, or human activity.
BIODIVERSITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gifBIODIVERSITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gif “Biodiversity, the planet’s most valuable resource, is on loan to us from our children.” ---Dr. Edward O. Wilson
Reduce, Reuse, Recyclehttp://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=aahe0g&s=3
Oklahoma Dust Bowls (1930s)http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=79961&rendTypeId=4
Japanese Beetleshttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/japanese-beetle-soybean.jpg
Gypsy Moth Life Cyclehttp://www.clintoncountypa.com/Gypsy%20Moth%20Website/gypsy%20moth_files/image003.jpg
Gypsy Moth Larvahttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/09hp9Ii7kL1oR/610x.jpg
Nuclear Powerhttp://photoblog.dralzheimer.stylesyndication.de/photo/Nuclear%20Power%20Plant%20Cattenom
What does the data below indicate?http://www.crcwater.org/onalaska/datainterp.html
Algae Bloomshttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0d1z1l852tdmA/610x.jpg
Biological Magnificationhttp://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/5425ddtinfoodchainl.jpg&aoe=1&w=
Acid Precipitationhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-1a.jpg
Global Warminghttp://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/images/causes02.jpg
We are protected by ozone (O3)http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/img/atmosphere-couche.jpg
Ozone(O3)Depletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gifhttp://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.pngOzone(O3)Depletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gifhttp://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.png Human Health: Damages DNA which suppresses immune system resulting in increase of infectious diseases, Skin cancer, Eye cataracts Plants & Trees: Reduces crop production, damage to seeds; Reduces quality of crops Aquatic Ecosystems: Damage to plankton, aquatic plants, fish larvae, shrimp, crabs; Affects marine food chain, damage to fisheries result Materials: Paints, rubber, wood and plastic are degraded faster, especially in tropical regions
Biological Controlhttp://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/images/C_transversalis3.jpg
STEREOMICROSCOPEhttp://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpgSTEREOMICROSCOPEhttp://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpg
Compound Light Microscopehttp://www.tissue-cell-culture.com/images/products/related/microscopes/1200cm_mscope.gif
Wet-Mount & Staining Techniqueshttp://www.sep.alquds.edu/biology/scripts/Biology_english/part_1_1_files/image004.jpghttp://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image004.jpg
Gel Electrophoresishttp://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif
CHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gifhttp://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gifCHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gifhttp://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gif
Oil on Pavementhttp://i.pbase.com/u27/crs/upload/765501.OilonPavement.jpg
CENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpegCENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg
Dichotomous Key(Example)The Living Environment Regents – June, 2009