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Sysops Network Training

by Brett Haffener. Sysops Network Training. - Name - School - What are you most interested in learning about?. Introductions. OSI Model - Breaks up networking into smaller parts OSI stands for (Open Systems Interconnection) ‏. Where do we start?. Taken from:

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Sysops Network Training

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  1. by Brett Haffener Sysops Network Training

  2. - Name - School - What are you most interested in learning about? Introductions

  3. OSI Model - Breaks up networking into smaller parts OSI stands for (Open Systems Interconnection)‏ Where do we start?

  4. Taken from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ OSI_Model

  5. Media & Signalling Devices include - hubs repeaters transceivers cabling Layer 1 (Physical layer)‏

  6. Categories of copper cabling: Category 5: Limited to 100Mbps Category 5e: Up to 1000Mbps (Gigabit)‏ Category 6: Up to 1000 Mbps All three are limited to 100M (328ft) in length from end device to end device Ethernet Cabling Standards

  7. Backbone and server connections would be best at Gig Gig vs. 100Mbps

  8. I recommend Cat6 Costs 20 - 40% more Prepares you for the future 80-90% of new copper installs are now Cat6 Less interference between cables, so there are fewer errors causing fewer resent packets (slightly faster performance)‏ What category cabling should you use?

  9. Straight through Crossover Rollover Types of cables

  10. Straight-through

  11. Cross-over

  12. Rollover

  13. Straight through (unlike interfaces)‏ router to switch router to hub PC to switch PC to hub Cross-over(like interfaces)‏ switch to switch hub to hub switch to hub PC to PC Rollover Console into router Where do I use each cable?

  14. What happens when you use the wrong cable? ???????

  15. Using a cable tester http://www.flukenetworks.com/fnet/en-us/products/MicroScanner+2/Overview.htm?categorycode=CPTT Testing cables

  16. Fiber Multimode fiber – Supports up to 10Gbps (10 Gig)‏ Up to 550Meters Used commonly to interconnect wiring closets or buildings Single mode fiber – Supports up to 10Gbps (10 Gig)‏ Up to 60 Kilometers Used to connect geographically distant locations (not as common in schools)‏

  17. Recommend extended star *** many schools daisy chain their switches *** Network Topology

  18. Physical addressing Switching Devices switch bridge Layer 2 (Data-link layer)‏

  19. Windows 1. Click Start 2. Run 3. cmd 4. ipconfig/all Mac 1. Open up a terminal 2. Type ifconfig How do you find the MAC Address?

  20. Two parts to the MAC Address XX – XX – XX – XX – XX - XX

  21. Matching an OUI with a company http://coffer.com/mac_find/

  22. If you don't know where a machine is located you can use the MAC address to track it down (if you have managed switches)‏ Tracking down a problem with the MAC Address

  23. Loops are formed whenever there are redundant links in the network Traffic continues around the loop generating excess traffic Can cause broadcast storms (drastically reducing performance)‏ Loops in the network

  24. Spanning tree protocol prevents loops from occurring by blocking traffic on the extra interface (Enabling spanning tree)‏ Spanning Tree

  25. Pros – If there is a loop in your network it won't take the entire network down Cons – In the past Spanning Tree has slowed Mac logins down - If there is a loop in your network you may not know about it if you don't check your switches *** Recommend using “Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol” if you are going to use this *** Spanning Tree (pros & cons)‏

  26. The major difference between hubs and switches is that hubs broadcast traffic out all interfaces whereas switches only sent unicast traffic out the destined interface Hubs vs. Switches

  27. Mismatched settings often times causes errors Best to hard set connections between network devices when possible Best to leave connections to workstations and servers in auto-negotiate (in general)‏ Speed & Duplex settings

  28. Logical addressing (IP addressing)‏ Devices router layer 3 switch Layer 3

  29. Packet Tracer How routing works

  30. The main place where you'll have to worry about ports being opened is in your firewall Firewalls and port openings

  31. From the command line type: Netstat -a Using netstat to see open ports

  32. http://www.netstumbler.com/ http://www.macstumbler.com/ Wireless testing

  33. Recommend WPA2 Public & Private wireless network Wireless security

  34. Ping Traceroute NSLOOKUP Troubleshooting tools

  35. From a command prompt or terminal you can type nslookup <URL> If you think you are having DNS issues you can try going to the IP address instead Troubleshooting DNS

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