Early Childhood Intervention Programs.wmv

2. Early Childhood Intervention Programs.wmv

3. The Carolina Abecedarian Early Intervention Project A longitudinal study to assess the efficacy of early childhood intervention programs

4. Purpose • Potential benefits of early intervention • Children of high-risk families • Age of onset of education • Duration of intervention

5. Project Design

6. Preschool Segment

7. K-2 Segment

8. Results • Intelligence • Academic Achievement • Success in Life

9. IQ Assessment

10. Reading Scores Age 8 Age 15

11. Math Scores Age 8 Age 15

12. Life Successes

13. Related Links • The Carolina Abecedarian Project: HOME • Abecedarian Published Brochure • New Adult Adaptation Study

14. References • Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Miller-Johnson, S., Burchinal, M. & Ramey, C. T. (2001). The development of cognitive and academic abilities: Growth curves from an early childhood educational experiment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 2, 231-242. • Campbell, F. A. & Ramey, C. T. (1994). Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: A follow-up study of children from low-income families [Electronic Version]. Child Development, 65, 684-698. • Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E. Sparling, J., & Miller- Johnson, S. (2002). Early childhood education: Young adult outcomes from the Abecedarian Project [Electronic Version]. Applied Developmental Science, 6(1), 42-57. • Neisser, U. et al. (1995). Intelligence knowns and unknowns: Report of APA task force. American Psychologist, 51. • Ramey, C. T., Campbell, F. A., Burchinal, M., Skinner, M. L., Gardner, D. M., & Ramey, S. L. (2000). Persistent effects of early childhood education on high-risk children and their mothers [Electronic Version]. Applied Developmental Science, 4(1), 2-14.

15. Head Start A look at the short-term and long-term effects

16. Created in 1965 under the Johnson Administration Initially served primarily African American students from very poor backgrounds Head Start now serves approx. 900,000 students nationwide It has served more than 23 million children since it began Background

17. Guidelines • Head Start will accept any 3- and 4-year old children that are eligible • Often a very long waiting list • To be eligible, families must fall under the poverty threshold. • For example: 4 person family=$20,000 5 person family=$23,400

18. The 7 Objectives of Head Start • To improve the child’s physical health and physical abilities • To help the emotional and social development of the child • To improve the child’s mental processes and skills; • To establish patterns and expectations of success • To increase the child’s capacity to relate positively to family members and others, while at the same time strengthening the family stability and capacity to relate positively to the child • To develop in the child and his/her family a responsible attitude toward society, and to foster constructive opportunities for society to work together with the poor in solving their problems • To increase the sense of dignity and self-worth within the child and his/her family

19. Short-Term Results Study by Lee, Brooks-Gunn, and Schnur (1988) Evaluated 3 groups of children: Head Start students, students who attended other preschool programs, and students who did not attend any preschool Evaluated using 4 tests: • Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) • Caldwell Preschool Inventory (PI) • Motor Inhibition Test (MI) • Eight Block Sorting Test

20. Short-Term Results • The Head Start students made the largest gain in scores in the PPVT, PI, and MI tests • The Head Start students made the second largest gain in the Eight Block Toy Sort • Head Start scores after 1 year were still below the 2 other groups on 3 tests, but Head Start group outscored both groups on the Motor Inhibition Test

22. Long-Term Results Study by Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2000) Examined non-experimental research on 4,000 children who had attended Head Start schools since its inception Aim: To discover whether or not participation in Head Start results in greater economic or social success later in life 4 Questions: • Completion of High School • Attended some college • Income (between age 22-24) • Charged or convicted of any crime

23. Long-Term Results *Controlled for family background* High School Completion: • Head Start 6.0% more likely than stay-at-home students • Other preschool 3.0% more likely than stay-at-home Attended Some College: • Head Start 7.5% more likely than stay-at-home • Other Preschool 2.3% more likely Income: • Head Start earned 17% more than stay-at-home • Other Preschool earned 2% more than stay-at-home Charged or Convicted of Crime: • Head Start 1.2% more likely than stay-at-home • Other Preschool 0.1% less likely than stay-at-home

24. Montessori Education

25. Maria Montessori • 1896 – first female doctor in Italy • uneducable • 1900 – first school for “challenged” • 1907 – directed first daycares in slum

26. Philosophy • Multiple Intelligences • Empowerment • Equality • Community of Learners • Freedom within limits • Ability to choose • Intrinsic Motivation

27. Method • Language • Sensory • Mathematics • Culture • Practical • Peace corner

28. Method • Work plan • 3 hour uninterrupted period • Teacher guidance • Teacher observation • Small teacher to kid ratio • Two most common age groups • birth to 3 • 3 to 6

29. Effectiveness • Intrinsic motivation for academic tasks (Rathunde & Csikszentmihalyi, 2005) • Case studies (Korfmacher & Spicer, 2002) • Comparison studies (Miller & Bizzell, 1984) • Traditional, Bereiter-Englemann, DARCEE • Disadvantaged children (Wexley et al., 2001)

30. MontessoriActivities

31. South America

32. Teaching Language Double Letter Sounds ai ar au ee eh er ie no oa oo or oy que sh th ue

33. MontessoriActivities