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Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales. Resources: Botany by Mauseth; Guide to Phil. Flaura and Fauna; Bio115 Lab Manual. Introduction brief background on species of order Gnetales II. Report Proper detailed discussion of the species a. Gnetum arboreum Foxw.

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Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

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  1. Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales Resources: Botany by Mauseth; Guide to Phil. Flaura and Fauna; Bio115 Lab Manual

  2. Introduction • brief background on species of order Gnetales • II. Report Proper • detailed discussion of the species • a. Gnetum arboreum Foxw. • b. Gnetum gnemon Linn. • c. Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn. • d. Gnetum latifolium Bl. • i. var. latifolium • ii. var. minus (Foxw.) Mgf.       Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

  3. Introduction: brief background on species of order Gnetales

  4. General Morphological Char.: mostly vines or small shrubs with broad leaves; similar to dicots Leaves: opposite or whorled Reproductive Organs: unisexual and usually dioecious Female RO: with single erect ovule; nucellus surrounded by 2-3 envelopes; micropyle projecting as a long tube Male RO: with perianth and anthers Fertilization: by means of pollen tube with 2 male nuclei Seed: with 2 cotyledons Distribution: Asia, tropical Africa, Amazon Basin Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

  5. Report Proper: detailed discussion of the species

  6. Gnetum arboreum Foxw.

  7. Description: Tree Twigs: conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves: obovate-cuneate, small, up to 8 cm long, long petiolate, leathery, brown when dry; secondary veins 4-5 pairs, joining, tertiary ones distinct,reticulate. Male inflorescences: short, once branched; spikes 1-1.5 cm long x 3 mm broad. Male flowers: few, scarcely 1 mm long; Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

  8. Sporophyll: 2.5 mm long, thick. Sterile female flowers: about 8, narrow, their inner envelop not split. Fruit: Fruit-bearing axis 4 cm long; collars 5 mm spaced. Fruit broad-elliptic, tipped, 2.5 cm long, not shining, stalk 2 cm long, outer envelop fleshy but thin. Habitat: In rainforests, at elevation of more than 900 m. Distribution: Luzon: Quezon province, Mt. Binuang. Philippine Gymnosperms: Order Gnetales

  9. Gnetum gnemon Linn.

  10. Common Name: Bago Description: tall tree. Collars: remote, axis often once branched. Female flowers: shortly tipped. Fruit large: 2-2.5 cm long.Habitat: In rainforests at lower altitudes, below 1,000 m; not rare.Distribution: In the Philippines, reported from Luzon: Bataan province, Laguna province, Quezon province;Mindoro; Levte; Mindanao: Surigao province. Zamboanga; Palawan

  11. Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn.

  12. Leaves: coriaceous, yellowish-brown when dry, elliptic, up to 20 cm long x 8 cm wide, but mostly short, upper surface silky by means of a transverse striping by densely set fibers; secondary nerves straight, joining at a conspicuous distance before the margin, tertiary nerves reticulate below. Male inflorescences: axillary, branching once, spikes about 2-3 cm long x 4 mm thick; collars bent outward by their upper edges. Male flowers: numerous, narrowly obconic, 1.5 mm long; sporophyll filiform, 2.5 mm long, with only one sporangium.Sterile female flowers 8 to each collar, globose, apiculate.

  13. Female inflorescences: axillary, not branching; spike 4 cm long; collars densely approximate. Female flowers: 4-6 to each collar, ovate-globose, rather obtuse, outer envelop fleshy and fibrous, tube of the inner one not split. Fruits: sessile on a much thickened axis, 5-6 mm long, 2 cm thick, ellipsoidal, obtuse, tapering into a basal cushion, shining, but very warty; outer envelop very thick, 5 mm, fleshy, very fibrous, middle one woody, conspicuously ribbed, inner one papery. Seed: oblong, 3.5 cm long.Habitat: In rainforests at low altitude, up to 300 m.Distribution: Celebes, Philippines, Rare in the Philippines.

  14. Gnetum latifolium Bl. var. latifolium

  15. Common Name: CuliatDescription: Leaves elliptic, black when dry, nerves not joining. Spikes 2-4 cm long. Fruit: stalk thick, almost never longer than half as long as the fruit, fruit is sometimes almost globose, obtuse, four times as long as its stalk, Fruit large, somewhat attenuate, not longer than its stalk.Habitat: In lowland rainforests.Distribution: frequent in the Philippines, reported from Luzon: Cagayan province, Benguet province, Tarlac province, Pampanga province, Zambales province, Bataan province, Rizal province, Laguna province, Quezon province; Polillo Is; Mindoro; Leyte; Mindanao: Butuan, Davao, Lanao; Palawan

  16. Gnetum latifolium Bl. var. minus (Foxw.) Mgf.

  17. Description: Leaves small, not longer than 9 cm, elliptic. Male spikes only 1.5 cm long. Fruit small, 1.5 cm long, four times as long as its stalk.Habitat: In rainforests.Distribution: collected from Luzon:Benguet, near Baguio Economic Importance: The bark fiber of the species is used for making ropes and nets.

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