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Writing Complex Sentences

Learn the basics of simple, compound, complex, and compound/complex sentences with examples and tips for usage. Enhance your writing skills now!

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Writing Complex Sentences

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  1. WritingComplex Sentences

  2. #1: Simple Sentence • A simple sentence has one subject and one verb • I like to study grammar. • A simple sentence is also called an independent clause. • An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.

  3. One subject One verb Simple sentence Ilove you. Independent clause: only one subject and one verb

  4. #2: Compound Sentence • A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following: • A comma and one of the FANBOYS • I like to study grammar, and I love this class. • A semicolon • I like to study grammar;I love this class. • A semicolon and a transitional • I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.

  5. Independent clause Independent clause Compound sentence I love you, and you love me. Two independent clauses joined together

  6. #3: Complex Sentence • A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independentclause) to which a part of a sentence (dependentclause) has been added. • Because I like to study grammar, I love this class. • I love this class because I like to study grammar.

  7. Dependent clause Independent clause Complex sentence Because you love me, I love you. A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support.)

  8. Fragment! Dependent clause Because you love me. A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause. Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.

  9. No! OK A Tip on Punctuation • Since dependent clauses are only part of a sentence, you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon. Semicolons are only used between two independent clauses. • I have loved you for years ; although I never admitted it. • I have loved you for years, although I never admitted it.

  10. Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions

  11. Transitional Words or Phrases • Transitional words or phrases connect one idea to another. • To Show Chronological Order -afterward, again, also, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, besides, earlier, equally important, furthermore, meanwhile, moreover, simultaneously, soon, then, therefore, too, until, when • To Indicate Spatial Order -above, below, beyond, elsewhere, farther on, here, near, nearby • To Connect Examples or Show Emphasis -for example, for instance, in fact, of course, specifically, such as • To Compare and Contrast -in comparison, also, likewise, similarly, although, on the contrary, and yet, but, despite, even so, however, yet • To Trace Cause and Effect -because, consequently, otherwise, since, then, therefore • To Summarize -in short, in simpler terms, in summary, that is, to summarize

  12. #4: Compound/Complex Sentence • A compound/complex sentence is the last and most complicated type of sentence. • It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.

  13. Dependent clause 2 independent clauses Compound complex sentence Because we are a family,I love you, and you love me. A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses

  14. Connectors for Compound-Complex Sentences • The complex and simple sentences may be joined by a coordinating conjunction(FANBOYS) or conjunctive adverbs. • Examples of Conjunctive Adverbs: • furthermore, meanwhile, therefore, hence, moreover, thus, however, and nevertheless • Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions: • for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

  15. Examples • Although thought to be indestructible, the Twin Towers fell on Sept. 11, 2001, and that forever changed the NYC skyline.

  16. Self-Check • Does your sentence have at least 2 independent clauses? Underline them. • Are your sentences joined by a conjunction? Draw a box around it. • Does your sentence have a dependent clause? Circle it. • Does your dependent clause start with a transitional word or phrase? Draw a box around it. Good Job!

  17. Since every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,

  18. CONGRATULATIONS! • YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW • To write anything you want to write • Any way you want to write it • And still get the punctuation right each time!

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