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Explore the design, fabrication, and results of an auto-tracking solar radiation system, maximizing solar energy generation in Palestine. The project includes an overview, literature review, electrical design, model fabrication, and insightful conclusions.
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An-Najah National UniversityFaculty of Engineering Auto-Tracking Solar Radiation System Prepared by : Mohammed Attayyeb Abbas Atabeh Hamza Zayed Aseel Salem Supervisor: Dr. Bashir Nouri
Content: Introduction. - Overview and description. - Solar energy and the scenario in Palestine. - Literature Review. - Electrical Design. - Model Fabrication and Design . - Results and Dissection. - Conclusion.
Introduction • Overview and description. • The choice reasons. • The high demand and the suffering energy sector. • The aim of the project. • keeping the solar photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sun.
Solar power in Palestine. • Solar radiation in Palestine. • The annual incident solar irradiance is about 2000 kWh per m². • Technologies of solar energy. • Domestic solar water heaters. • Solar drying. • Solar desalination and cooling. • Photovoltaic.
Literature Review. • Solar panels. • Design of solar tracking system. • Passive vs. Active trackers. • The passive tracking system depend on the center of mass. • The active tracking systems can be grouped into classes by the number and orientation of the tracker’s axes.
Continuous vs. step-wise realignment. • Drive types. • Electric, hydraulic and passive drivers. • Control strategy. • Forward, feedback and hybrid strategy.
Electrical Design • Arduino microcontroller. • Arduino Uno. • Digital input/output pins. • Analog inputs. • Easy programing.
DC motors. • Two Windshield wiper motors. • 12 volt. • Give a suitable torque. • Have internal warm gears.
Sensors. • Photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR). • Light-controlled variable resistor. • Has nearly the same rang of wavelength that solar PV cell can absorbs.
Model Fabrication and Design. • Model Fabrication. • The base frame.
Model Design • Screw design. • Ϭ max = 5 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 81 MPa (Safe). • Ʈ max =3 MPa < 40.5 MPa (Safe). • P critical = 103.5 KN > Applied load no buckling occur. • Nut design. • Bearing stress σo= 0.6 MPa < σ allowable = 81 MPa (Safe).
Fork pin. • Maximum principal stress Ϭ max = 344 < Ϭ allowable = 403 (Safe). • Maximum shear stress Ʈ max = 174 < Ʈ allowable = 201 MPa (Safe). • Ϭ bearing = 55.6 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 403 (Safe). • The fork. • Ϭ bearing max = 55.6 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 140 MPa (Safe).
Results and Dissection. • The average readings of the power output for the dual-axis tracker and fixed panel was taken for two days which are the 9th and the 10th of February 2015 from morning 8:00 am to evening 4:00 pm for every half hour. • The fixed panel face was directed to the south with inclination angle equal of 32º .
Conclusion • The designed dual axis solar tracker is capable to track the sun throughout the year. • The presented dual axis tracking system keeps the solar photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sun.
Future scope • One controlling system for more than one structure. • Flexible mechanical structure to hold different sizes. • The system can be made to charge its power source.
