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Imperialism in Nigeria: New Period and African Resistance

Explore the new period of imperialism in Nigeria during the 18th to 19th centuries, examining economic, political, and cultural changes, various forms of imperialism, management methods, assimilation vs. acculturation, British control, African resistance, and the battle at Adowa in 1896 ultimately maintaining Ethiopia's independence.

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Imperialism in Nigeria: New Period and African Resistance

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  1. 27.2 Imperialism Nigeria

  2. New Period of Imperialism • 18th – 19th century differed from 15th – 16th • Earlier Imp. did not penetrated interior of Africa and Asia • New period demands economic, political and cultural changes • Four forms of Imp. 1. Colony 2. Protectorate 3. Sphere of influence 4. Economic • Two methods of management • Indirect and direct control

  3. Forms of ImperialismPg. 780 • Colony • Country or territory governed internally by foreign power • Example Somaliland (French colony) • Protectorate • Country or territory with own internal government but controlled by outside power • British and Niger River delta • Sphere of Influence • Area claimed by outside power for investment and trading privileges • Liberia controlled by the United States • Economic Imperialism • Independent, but less-developed country controlled by “private” business – not governments • Dole Fruit company and pineapple trade in Hawaii

  4. Management Methods • Indirect Control • Relied on existing local officials • Limited self-rule • Goal: develop future leaders • Gov. based on European styles • Ex. British in Nigeria, India, Burma • Ex. U.S. colonies in Philippines • Direct Control • Paternalism: Euros governed like a parent • Foreign officials rule • No self-rule • Goal: Assimilation • Gov. based on European styles • Ex. French colonies (Somaliland and Vietnam) • Ex. German colonies (East Africa) • Ex. Portuguese colonies (Angola)

  5. Assimilation vs. Acculturation • Assimilation: the process through which people lose their differentiating traits to a dominant culture • French used policy • U.S. and American Indian • Acculturation: process by which a minority cultural adopts certain customs and attitudes of the majority, but manages to stay a distinct, although, altered, society.

  6. Nigeria and Britain • G.B. gains control through diplomacy and military means • B.C. gives G.B. control of Niger River Delta • Royal Niger Company • Gains control over palm-oil trade • 1914 gains total control of Nigeria • Managing Nigeria • Not easy due to cultural diversity (493 languages) • 250 different ethnic groups • British turn to indirect rule

  7. African Resistance • Lack of weapons = unequal fight • Active military resistance and religious movements • unsuccessful • Algeria’s (north west Africa) 50-year resistance of France • Mandingo Empire vs. France • Led by Samori Toure’ • Fought France for 16 years • German East Africa and Maji Maji rebellion • “Magic water” protected fighters • German machine guns killed thousands • Germans change policy due to massacre

  8. Ethiopia • Only nation to effectively resist • Menelik II emperor • Pits Italy, France and England against each other • Buys weapons from France and Russia • Declares war with Italy after finding differences in wording within their treaty • Battle of Adowa 1896 • Ethiopian forces defeat Italians • Keep independence

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