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Civil War and Reconstructing the Union

Economic and Social Differences Between North and South States versus Federal Rights Fight Between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents Growth of the Abolition Movement The Election of Abraham Lincoln. Civil War and Reconstructing the Union. Defining the Civil War

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Civil War and Reconstructing the Union

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  1. Economic and Social Differences Between North and South • States versus Federal Rights • Fight Between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents • Growth of the Abolition Movement • The Election of Abraham Lincoln Civil War and Reconstructing the Union

  2. Defining the Civil War • “War of Northern Aggression,”“War between the states” • Sprit apart the nation • Historical memory of South • Lincoln: “New birth of freedom” • Union Army General Carl Schurz: “A revolution half-finished” • Geographical Locations: 10,000 places • Death: over 600,000 died • Ironies: • Robert E. Lee: turned down offer to command Union forces • Lincoln: Four brother-in-laws fought for Confederacy • Winchester, Virginia: changed 72 times • Missouri: 39 regiments to fight in siege of Vicksburg Civil War Overview

  3. Native Americans • Union and Confederate military • 28, 693 served: Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Cold Harbor • Cherokee: minority supported Confederacy/ majority Union • Creek and Cherokee: slaveholders/ political-economic alliance • Hispanics • 20,000 +- • Variety of motives • Confederacy: southeast and Gulf Coast region • Creoles: French, Spanish, Caribbean • Union: Philadelphia, New York, Boston • Goal of becoming American • Garibaldi Guard: named after Italian freedom fighter Diversity of Participants in Civil War

  4. Impact of Water on Soldiers • Dirty Water • Deaths • Fixed grid pattern camps: Southern mud camps • Water and War • Swamps and salty tidal marches/Florida and North Carolina • Remote bayous in MS • Mosquitos and New Orleans • Battles: • Conditions • Barefoot Confederate soldiers: Manassas (August 1862) Water and the Civil War

  5. Abraham Lincoln • Republican lawyer from backwoods • Revered speeches: 1863 Gettysburg & 2nd Inaugural Address (1865) • Luis F. Emilio • 16 year old son of Spanish immigrant/ lied about age/ enlisted Union • 54th Massachusetts Regiment- one of first African American units • Clara Barton • “Angel of the Battlefield” • Union Nurse: Battle of Bull Run • Nathan Bedford Forest • Uneducated farm-boy. Lt. General Confederate. • Fort Pillow Massacre, 1865, Mississippi River, Tennessee, Black Soldiers • KKK- 1866, former Confederate soldiers • Walt Whitman • “Leaves of Grass,” wounded brother in Vicksburg • Visited wounded in Union field hospitals • John Wilkes Booth • Actor, Southern sympathizer, Spy • Assassinated Lincoln, Ford’s Theatre, 1865, Lee surrender, Appomattox Selected Biographies

  6. Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 • Surge in Union black participants • Cultural meanings • Reconstruction- began during the War • 1864: Repeal of Fugitive Slave Laws • 13th Amendment • Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands • Sharecropping: cycle of impoverishment • Civil Rights Bills, 1866 • Reconstruction Acts • 5 military regions in South, National Archives, state constitutions • 14th Amendment: citizenship • 15th Amendment: right to vote • Civil Rights Act 1871- KKK Act • End of Reconstruction: • Election of 1876 • Compromise of 1877/ Democratic control of South • Southern Response • Black Codes • 1868-1871- establishment of terrorist organizations- Ku Klux Klan • The Lost Cause Movement Reconstruction, 1863-1877

  7. Origins of Jim Crow • “Jumpin’ Jim Crow” • Thomas Dartmouth- New York • Minstrel shows: Blackface, Racist portrayal of Blacks • Popular: 1850 and 1870 • The Period of Jim Crow • Disenfranchisement, Segregation, Violence • Jim Crow Laws • Prohibited interracial marriages • Segregated schools and public facilities • North Carolina: Prohibited white students from using textbooks shared by Black youth • Voting: “grandfather clause,” literacy tests, poll-tax • Lynching • 1868-1876- 50-100 lynchings per year (recorded) • Tuskegee Institute: 3,446 blacks and 1,297 whites (1882-1968) The Jim Crow Era: 1877 to (1954) to…

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