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Chapter 24

Chapter 24. World War Looms. Things to Know. Fascism/ Nazism/Totalitarianism Benito Mussolini/ Adolf Hitler/ Joseph Stalin Europe after WWI The German expansion. Dictators Threaten World Peace. The Failures of the Treaty of Versailles 1. Blamed Germany

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Chapter 24

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  1. Chapter 24 World War Looms

  2. Things to Know • Fascism/ Nazism/Totalitarianism • Benito Mussolini/ Adolf Hitler/ Joseph Stalin • Europe after WWI • The German expansion

  3. Dictators Threaten World Peace The Failures of the Treaty of Versailles 1. Blamed Germany 2. The League of Nations was a paper tiger 3. Did nothing to help war torn areas 4. Carved up parts of Russia

  4. Germany After WWI Treaty of Versailles Article 231 The Germans had to accept responsibility for all of the damage to which the Allied governments and their people were subjected as a consequence of the war “imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies”

  5. The Ramifications People felt cheated by the treaty -Economic Turmoil/ Political Disorder/ Fear 1. Totalitarianism 2. Fascism & Nazism

  6. Countries To Look At • Soviet Union (USSR) • Italy • Germany

  7. The Soviet Union • Joseph Stalin • - 1924 (Lenin Dies) • - Stalin “Man of Steel” • 1. Progress vs Human Rights • 2. Police State (Secret Police) • 3. Great Purges • a. 8-13 million dead • b. record holder • Totalitarianism

  8. Italy Benito Mussolini ‘Il Duce” (1883- 1945) 1. Early Life - Son of a socialist ( blacksmith & teacher) - Leader of the revolutionary left of the Socialist party 2. WWI - Abruptly becomes a nationalist - Kicked out of socialist party -Joins the Army 3. The Leader - The Black Shirts (terrorism to restore order) - Elected to Parliament (National Fascist Party) - Becomes Premier (slowly creates a dictatorship)

  9. Fascism What is Fascism? 1. Extreme nationalism 2. Military expansionism 3. Private property with strong government control 4. Nazism (Extreme Racism)

  10. Fascism Benito Mussolini The Doctrine of Fascism “The man of Fascism is an individual who is nation and fatherland, which is a moral law, binding together individuals and the generations into a mission, suppression of the instinct for a life enclosed within the brief round of pleasure…A life in which the individual, through denial of himself, through the sacrifice of his own private interests, through death itself realizes the spiritual existence in which his value as a man lies.”

  11. Benito Mussolini On Myth “ We have created our myth. The myth is a faith, it is passion. It is not necessary that it shall be a reality…”

  12. Hitler and Nazism

  13. Germany

  14. Germany • Height of the Great Depression 6 million Germans Unemployed • Adolf Hitler • - Struggling Artist • - WWI • - Joins National Socialists 1919 • a. Charismatic Speaker • Beer Hall • Jail • 1. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • a. Nazism • - Extreme nationalism • (racism)

  15. Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (Hitler’s Racism) “Thus the highest purpose of the folkish state is the care for the preservation of those racial primal elements which, supplying culture, create the beauty and dignity of a higher humanity…” “ Just as little as nature desires a mating between weaker individuals and stronger ones, far less she desires the mixing of of a higher race with a lower one…

  16. Nuremberg Laws • Marriages between Jews and Germans are forbidden • Jews are forbidden to hoist the swastikas emblem • Jews are permitted to hoist a racial flag of their own with assurance of official protection

  17. The Swastika

  18. The National Socialist Commandment

  19. The National Socialist Commandments • The Fuhrer is always right • Never go against discipline • Let loyalty and unselfishness be your highest priority

  20. Nazi Policies toward Women • Separate spheres for men and women • Men work and fight for the Reich • Women work and fight for family • Kinder, Kirche, Kuche (children,church, kitchen) • Before the war, keep them out of work and having babies to provide soldiers for the Reich • # of women allowed into university was restricted • Divorce made easier for childless couples • Aryan women offered interest free marriage loan • Medals(Any woman having more than 8 children received a gold medal from Hitler personally) • After 1936, need for labor prompted the state to prod women into the workforce and even into the military itself (# of female auxiliaries in German armed forces reached 500,000 by 1945)

  21. Europe • Britain • France • Rhineland • Spain • Austria • Czechoslovakia • Poland • Italy • Germany • Soviet Union

  22. War in Europe • The weak responses of world leaders to Hitler’s aggressive moves in the late 1930s • How Germany started WWII

  23. Austria and Czechoslovakia • November 5th 1937 • Hitler met with his most trusted military • advisors • 1. Unite all German people • 2. New living space (Lebensraum) • - Where would it come from?

  24. Austria February 1938 - Hitler invites Austrian chancellor (Kurt von Schuschnigg) 1. Forced Austrian leader to sign an agreement to bring Austrian Nazis into his government - Second thoughts March 12th 1938 1. Hitler marches on Austria (Welcomed) 2. Forces Austrian leader to resign

  25. Czechoslovakia Sudetenland - Mountainous German speaking area of Czechoslovakia Spring 1938 - Hitler states that Czechs are abusing Germans in the Sudetenland - Germany masses troops 1. Britain and France - Hitler meets with Neville Chamberlain & Eduard Daladier 1. The Munich Pact “last territorial demand” -Appeasement 2. Sudetenland turned over to Hitler without a shot being fired

  26. The German Offensive Begins The Soviet Union - non-aggression pact (August 23, 1939) 1. Hitler and Stalin (Stalin needs it!) - Germany started moving east to Poland to expand - The pact would allow Hitler to attack Poland without the Soviets feeling Hitler was too close for comfort

  27. Blitzkrieg in Poland September 1st 1939 - German planes dropped bombs like rain over Poland - German tanks roared through the countryside 1. Blitzkrieg (lightning war) - take enemies by surprise and crush them with resounding force 2. Poland falls in three weeks - Germany takes 2/3 of Poland - Russia takes what remains

  28. Poland Divided

  29. The War Begins Britain and France Declare War On Germany, Sept 1, 1939 World War II Begins!

  30. Blitzkrieg in Poland The Phony War (sitzkrieg) - For months nothing happened - USSR breaks the peace 1. Takes back land lost after WWI (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland) - Germany invades (Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium)

  31. The Fall of France Italy enters the war on the side of Germany and invaded France Germany Invades France from the south France Falls - North (German occupied ) - South (Vichy France) 1. Marshal Henri Petain - Real French government in England 1. Charles de Gaulle

  32. The Fall of France

  33. The Battle of Britain Summer of 1940 The Battle of Britain - Winston Churchill - Only Britain left ( Hitler wants peace??) 1. Luftwaffe - Bombing runs over Britain 2. Every night for two months bombers pounded London - (RAF) fights back

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