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HIST2125 Hitler’s Germany

HIST2125 Hitler’s Germany. Lecture 2: Early years of Adolf Hitler, 1889-1923 20 September 2012. Adolf Hitler: Youth. * 20 April 1889 , Braunau am Inn (Austria) 1892 in Passau (Bavaria, Germany) 1895 in Linz (Lower Austria) 1903 in Vienna ►Hamann, Brigitte, Hitler’s Vienna (1999)

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HIST2125 Hitler’s Germany

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  1. HIST2125Hitler’s Germany Lecture 2: Early years of Adolf Hitler, 1889-1923 20 September 2012

  2. Adolf Hitler: Youth • * 20 April 1889, Braunau am Inn (Austria) • 1892 in Passau (Bavaria, Germany) • 1895 in Linz(Lower Austria) • 1903 in Vienna ►Hamann, Brigitte, Hitler’s Vienna (1999) = His Anti-Semitism probably acquired in Vienna, hotbed of religious prejudice and racism

  3. Hitler: Soldier • 1913 in Munich(Bavaria, Germany) • 1914 War volunteer in World War I with Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 • 1914 Iron Cross Second Class • 1916 Wounded in Battle of the Somme • 1918 Temporarily blinded by mustard gas • 1918 Iron Cross First Class = Embittered over collapse of war effort

  4. Hitler: Young Politician • 1919 Appointed intelligence agent of Reichswehr reconnaissance commando to infiltrate DAP (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = German Workers’ Party) • 1919 Attracted by DAP in Munich: Member No. 55 (Oct), not member no. 7 = Mentored & introduced by co-founder anti-Semitic writer Dietrich Eckart to Munich society

  5. Anti-Republicans on the Right German National People’s Party (DNVP) Early German People’s Party (DVP) Propagated stab-in-the-back legend Saw war defeat as Jewish/Leftist/Bolshevist conspiracy Wanted back monarchy Demanded strictly revisionist foreign policy Opposed to fulfilment of Versailles Treaty

  6. Adolf Hitler: Party politician • 1920/21 DAP renamed in NSDAPNationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = National Socialist German Workers’ Party: Swastika (Hakenkreuz) as party emblem + Völkischer Beobachter (Racial Observer) as party organ • 24.2.1920: Twenty-Five Point Program: A combination of nationalist, socialist, anti-capitalist, anti-Semitic ideas • 29.7.1921: First chairman of NSDAP →Wide powers → Important group of supporters: Rosenberg, Hess, Göring, Amann

  7. Hitler Putschor: Beer-Hall Putsch, 8 Nov 1923 = Unsuccessful attempt of Hitler & Ludendorff to seize power for NS party Bavaria as operating ground for extreme Rightists Beerhall in Munich surrounded by Storm Troopers (SA) led by Roehm Hitler proclaimed new government + called for ‘March to Berlin’ from Munich → Hitler arrested + putsch crushed by police

  8. Results of Hitler Putsch = Amazing achievement of political nobody Hitler = Hitler’s lesson learnt: No direct action but winning masses by legal means (e.g. elections) Ludendorff acquitted altogether Hitler sentenced to 5 yrs imprisonment at Landsberg but released after 8 months only Hitler with sufficient time for writing 1st part of book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

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