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Understanding Motion and Energy: Speed Calculations

Learn how to calculate average speed, recognize motion, understand potential and kinetic energy, find reference points, and grasp the concepts of motion and energy. Utilize formulas to calculate speed, energy, and more.

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Understanding Motion and Energy: Speed Calculations

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  1. Calculating Average Speed and Energy

  2. Calculating Average Speeds

  3. Describing and Measuring Motion Recognizing Motion Motion An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing. Ex: Relative to this room, we are not moving; but the Earth moves about 30 km per sec.; so relative to the sun, we are moving very quickly. What example can you think of? Ex: ____________________________

  4. Describing and Measuring Motion Recognizing Motion A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion. Reference Point An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. (Be careful to make sure that your reference point is basically stationary) Check: When you see a bus moving, what is the reference point? _________

  5. Describing and Measuring Motion Calculating Speed Speed The distance an object travels per unit of time. Speed = Distance / Time Ex: If a car travels 90 km in one hour, the car is traveling at a speed of 90 km/h. Formula Work Answer Units!!! Ex: How many hours will it take a car travelling 60 mph to go 120 miles? _________________________________

  6. Describing and Measuring Motion Calculating Speed Average Speed To find the average speed, divide the total distance traveled by the total time. S = d / t Ex: Suppose a cyclist travels 32 km during the first 2 hrs and 13 km during the next hr. Average speed = d / t = 45 km / 3 hrs = 15 km/hr

  7. Describing and Measuring Motion Calculating Speed The speed of an object at a particular moment in time. S = d / t Instantaneous Speed Ex: A police officer pulls over a driver for going 45 mph in a 35 mph zone. Instantaneous speed was 45 mph Check: Does a car show average speed or Instantaneous speed? _______________

  8. Describing and Measuring Motion

  9. Calculating Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

  10. Calculating Energy • Kinetic Energy Two types of energy • Potential Energy

  11. States of Energy All forms of energy can be in either of two states: KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY

  12. What’s the difference? • Kinetic Energy is the energy of MOTION • Potential Energy is STORED energy.

  13. Kinetic Energy – what does it depend on? more kinetic energy • The an object moves, the it has. • The greater the of a moving object, the it has. • Kinetic energy depends on both faster mass more kinetic energy mass and velocity.

  14. Calculating Kinetic Energy What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass or velocity? Why?

  15. What is the unit for Kinetic Energy?

  16. Some types of Potential Energy include… • Gravitational potential energy • Elastic potential energy - Stored energy due to - stored energy due to an objects position (height) - depends on mass of the object and its distance from earth. - Stored energy due to compression or expansion of an elastic object

  17. Calculating Potential Energy • OR you could multiply weight (in Newton’s) by height

  18. What unit do we use for Potential Energy?

  19. 1. You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2.1 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a speed of 30 m/s. The ball has ___________ energy. Calculate it.

  20. 2. A boy is sitting on his bike at the top of a hill that is 21 m high. The boy and his bike weigh 20 N. The carriage has ____________ energy. Calculate it.

  21. 3. A car is traveling with a velocity of 40 m/s and has a mass of 1120 kg. The car has ___________energy. Calculate it.

  22. 4. A cinder block is sitting on a platform 20 m high. It weighs 79 N. The block has _____________ energy. Calculate it.

  23. 5. A roller coaster is at the top of a 72 m hill and weighs 966 N. The coaster (at this moment) has ____________ energy. Calculate it.

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