Please copy the underlined standard as well as the sub-standard and the essential question.

1. Please copy the underlined standard as well as the sub-standard and the essential question. SAP2. Students will analyze the interdependence of the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems as these relate to the protection, support, and movement of the human body.b. Explain how the skeletal structures provide support and protection for tissues, and function together with the muscular system to make movements possible. Essential Question: What is the relationship between the skeletal and muscular system? How does the skeletal system provide support for tissues?

2. Key Questions. SAP2. b • What are the types of skeletal structures? • What are the major muscles of the body? • How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together to create movement?

3. Expectations Students should know… • The composition of bones in the body. • Types of muscle contractions Students should be able to… • Explain the function of the muscular system • Identify some skeletal parts that are associated with movement. Students should understand… • The function of the muscular and skeletal system as they pertain to movement in the body.

4. Bell work What happens to the bicep muscle when the antebrachial is bent? Bicep Continued

5. Pre-Test Answer whether the following are true or false. T/F 1. Skeletal muscles do NOT cross a joint. T/F 2. Skeletal muscles always push. T/F 3. The skeletal muscles have two attachments. T/F 4. Skeletal muscles lie distal to the joint crossed. T/F 5. A skeletal muscle insertion moves toward the origin during a contraction.

6. Skeletal System Clavicle Cervical Deltoid Thorax Dorsal Humerus Ulna Carpal Femur Patella Tibia

7. Prefixes & Suffixes • Epi – Above; Laid On • Myo – Muscle Definition: • sacromeres – composed of myofilaments (contractile protein filaments) whose highly organized arrangements result in the striations (alternating light and dark bands in skeletal muscle) observed in the single muscle fiber.

8. Muscle Movements, Types, and Names • Flexion • Generally in the saggital plane • Decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together • Extension • Movement that increases the angle between two bones or parts of the body • Rotation • Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis . • Common in ball-and-socket joints.

9. Abduction • Moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane, of the body. • Adduction • Movement of a limb toward the body midline. • Circumduction • A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. • Commonly seen in ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip. • Opposition • This is the action by which you move your thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand.

10. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion • Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (standing on your heels) – dorsiflexion • Depressing the foot (pointing the toes) – plantar flexion • Inversion and Eversion • Invert the foot, turn the sole medially. • Evert the foot, turn the sole laterally. • Supination and Pronation • Supination- “turning backward” Occurs when the antebrachial rotates laterally so that the palms faces anteriorly, the radius and ulna are parallel. • Pronation- “turning forward” Occurs when the antebrachial rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly, the radius crosses the ulna so that two bones form an X.

11. Game Time Muscle Matching Game http://www.deeptissue.com/game/game3.html Whack-A-Bone http://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/WAB/WAB.html

12. Major Muscles • Trapezius • Elevate and rotate scapula. • Deltoid (Action on humerus) • Laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder

13. Pectoralis Major • Draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. • Biceps Brachii • Moves the antebrachial toward the shoulder • Supination of the antebrachial

14. Latissimus Dorsi • Extends and adducts the humerus. • Triceps Brachii • Extends the elbow. • Gastrocnemius • Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee.

15. Extend the patella (knee) • Femoral (Quads) • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius • Rectus femoris • Tibialis anterior • Dorsiflexes and inverts foot “ ___” Also flexes hip on thigh.

16. Name the muscle in the listed body landmark… AcromialTrapezius DeltoidDeltoid ThoraxPectorals Dorsal BrachialTriceps brachii VentralBrachial Biceps brachii Dorsal Latissimus Dorsi Dorsal Femoral Triceps Brachii SuralGastrocnemius FemoralQuads-Vastus lateralis; Vastus medialis; Vastus intermedius; rectus femoris CruralTibialis anterior CervicSternocleidomastoid

17. Musculoskeletal System • Musculoskeletal- The combination of muscles and the skeleton, or bones. • Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which means you control what they do. • A skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint (site where two bones meet) and then attaches again to another bone. • Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the help of tendons. • Tendons are cords made of tough tissue that work as special connector pieces between bone and muscle.

18. Continued… Skeletal muscles are the most abundant tissue in the human body • Each skeletal muscle fiber is roughly cylindrical. • They contain many nuclei and is crossed by alternating light and dark bands called striations. • Fibers bind together, via connective tissue, into bundles • The bundles bind together to form muscle

19. There are 5 basic tissues that comprise the musculoskeletal system: • Bones • Ligaments • Cartilage • Skeletal muscle • Tendons Each of these are composed of 4 connective tissue building blocks: • fibroblasts (“mother cell”-produces other 3 CT) • collagen (these fibers intertwine to form very strong fibers which do NOT stretch) • elastic fibers (stretchable fibers abundant in arteries) • proteoglycans (the “matrix” in which fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers reside)

20. Muscle Contractions • What is a muscle contraction? • Nerve impulses cause sacromeres in muscle fibers to compress length wise like accordions. Types of muscle contractions: • Isotonic Contractions • The muscle shortens, and movement occurs. i.e. bending the knee, rotating the arms, and smiling.

21. Isometric Contractions • The myosin myofilaments are “spinning their wheels” and the tension in the muscle keeps increasing. • They are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against some more or less immovable object. i.e. Muscles are contracting isometrically when you try to lift a 400-pound dresser alone.

22. The Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity • All skeletal muscles cross at least one joint. • The bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed. • All skeletal muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion. • Skeletal muscles can only pull; they never push. • During contraction, a skeletal muscle insertion moves toward the origin.

23. Try It Out… Partner Up • Hold one arm out in front of you, with your palm facing up. Make a fist, and slowly bring your arm up at the elbow, then bend it back down. Which arm muscles do you think you are using? • Switch! Hold one leg out in front of you and slowly bend it back towards the gluteus. Can you tell which muscles are moving? STOP! Think. Explain • With your partner, try to explain how the skeletal and muscular system work together to make this movement? Raise your hand when you are done so you can explain to the teacher.

24. Worksheet

25. Movement In The Patella… Describe, in a paragraph, how movement is created in this region of the body using names of muscles and bones and anatomical position.

26. Ticket Out The Door Name 5major muscles Name 5 bones associated with the major muscles listed. Explain what musculoskeletal means