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Space, Time, and Einstein

Dive into the fascinating realms of space, time, and Einstein's groundbreaking discoveries with Dr. M.J. Wang from Fermilab. Learn how space and time influence our daily lives and uncover the mysteries of the universe through concepts like relativity, black holes, and cosmic barcodes.

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Space, Time, and Einstein

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  1. Space, Time, and Einstein Francis Granger Middle School Ming-Jer Wang Fermilab 23-April-2007 "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  2. About Myself Ming-Jer Wang A Visiting Scientist at Fermilab Experience: Fermilab, Los Alamos National Lab in New Mexico, Saclay in France, SSC Lab in Texas Discovery: Made contributions to the top quark discovery at Fermilab in 1995 "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  3. Fermilab "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  4. Why do we choose this Topic – “Space & Time”? • It is related to the researches at Fermilab • It is related to what you are learning about – • Physics • Chemistry • Astronomy • An exciting subject! • How do you learn about the stars? • What do you learn about the stars? • Where? -> “Space” • When? -> “Time” "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  5. Why do we choose this Topic – “Einstein” ? 1905: Clerk in Patent Office Schoolboy At older age! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  6. Einstein's Three Great Discoveries • 1. He verified the existence of “atoms” by explaining the zig-zag motion of pollen grains in water, noticed 80 years earlier. • 2. He proved that light could be understood as little “bullets” of energy (or particles). • 3. He developed the theory of relativity, in which “moving” observers disagree about simple measurements like time and distance. • Discovery #3 is what we are going to talk about today! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  7. Space and Time in Ordinary Life • Space • Traveling route • Go to school • Go home • Go shopping • Demo - rulers • Time • Daily schedule • Meal time • School time • Bed time • Demo - clocks "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  8. Concept History of Space "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  9. Concept History of Space "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  10. Concept History of Time Newton’s view "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  11. Concept History of Time Change the definition of time: “It might appear possible to overcome all the difficulties attending the definition of ’time’ by substituting ‘the position of the small hand of my watch’ for ‘time’ “. Example: “ ’That train arrives here at 7 o’clock,’ I mean something like this ‘The pointing of the small hand of my watch to 7 and the arrival of the train are simultaneous events’ ” of the 1905 paper by Einstein Einstein’s challenge "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  12. Simultaneity is Relative! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  13. Moving Train seems to be Shorter ! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  14. Moving Clock Seems to be Slower ! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  15. Effects on Space & Time • “The speed of light is the same for everyone” & this gives unintended results • From your point of view, the moving things seem: • Shorter in space • Slower in time But the speeds have to be very big to make such difference! You can go faster & faster but never ever reach the speed of light "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  16. Fermilab’s Accelerator pushes protons to:0.9999995 x (speed of light)(This is about 186,000 miles per second!) Every second, they go around the 4-mile ring about 50,000 times! • The protons: • Seem 1000 times thinner. • Have clocks that run 1000 • times slower. 4 MILES "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  17. Space & Time are bent, or curved by matter "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  18. Light path is bent, or curved by matter "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  19. Spectral lines - Cosmic Barcodes neon hydrogen A way to study starts beside space & time – “Spectral Lines” "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  20. Red shift Blue shift Two way to detect star relative motion – Red Shift & Blue Shift (Object moving away) (Objectmoving toward) www.astro.ucla.edu/%7Ewright/doppler.htm "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  21. An Expanding Universe A tiny spot from the Hubble Space Telescope Every blob is a galaxy with ~100,000,000,000 stars. All are rushing away from us, REDSHIFT. . . expanding Universe! Dr. Hubble (Wheaton) discovered that. BIG BANG 13.5 billion years ago But not BIG, TINY! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  22. Final Life of Big Stars – Black Holes The Black Hole is invisible, but you can see stuff around it. "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  23. Discovery: Evidences of Black Holes Hubble Uncovers Dust Disk Around a Massive Black Hole "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  24. Summary of What We Have Learnt • Space & Time are relative • Moving things look shorter & slower • Spacetime is bent by matter • Light path is bent by matter • Spectral lines are used to identify chemical elements on stars • Red shift & blue shift of spectral lines are used to detect relative motions of stars • The present universe is expanding • If you want to learn more -> "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  25. Welcome to Fermilab !!! • Come to visit Fermilab – A place to explore nature at the smallest scales !!! • Come to Lederman Science Center ( lots of science demonstrations & fun !!! ) • Come Ask-a-Scientist • Come for the Prairie "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

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