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Prehistoric Georgia Indians

Prehistoric Georgia Indians. Archeologists dig into earth to find artifacts (items made by people) that tell us about early inhabitants Shale : Layered rock that can encase ancient animals or birds. Georgia Native American Archaeological Sites. ► Etowah. ■ Rock Eagle.

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Prehistoric Georgia Indians

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  1. Prehistoric Georgia Indians

  2. Archeologists dig into earth to find artifacts (items made by people) that tell us about early inhabitants Shale: Layered rock that can encase ancient animals or birds

  3. Georgia Native AmericanArchaeological Sites ►Etowah ■ Rock Eagle Ocmulgee ■ ■Kolomoki

  4. The First Americans • Approximately 30,000 years ago the earth experienced an Ice Age. • Ice Age – a period of time in which temperatures on earth were very cold, and North America was covered in glaciers. • Glaciers – large, slow moving sheets of ice

  5. Ice Age

  6. 10,000 - 8,000 BC

  7. Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Paleo Paleo (from Greek, “Very Old”) Also called Old Stone Age 10,000-8000 B.C.

  8. Nomadic(Roaming) Hunters

  9. Band 25 – 50 People

  10. Most tools and spear points made of stone

  11. Clovis points, along with a number of other stone tools, found at Macon Plateau were the first Paleoindian points unearthed in eastern North America.

  12. Nutting Bowl

  13. DRILL

  14. Food Giant Sloth Mammoth

  15. Paleo

  16. 8,000 - 1,000 BC

  17. Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Archaic 8,000 to 1,000 B.C. Archaic (means “Old”) Three time spans: Early, Middle, Late

  18. Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Early Archaic During this time, most of Georgia was covered with oak-hickory hardwood forests.

  19. Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Late Archaic Created grooved axes to clear trees and bushes Improved pottery making techniques. Use of pottery to saving and planting seeds for plants and seeds for growing seasons (horticulture)

  20. Atlatl

  21. Pottery first appears

  22. FOOD • Huntedwhite-tailed deer, black bear, turkey, and other large game animals. • Collectednuts, roots, fruits, seeds, and berries. • Caught turtles, fish, oysters, shellfish, birds, and smaller mammals. • Food was easier to find; people moved around less nomadic (dwelling)

  23. Shellfish was a more common food MIDDENS

  24. Archaic

  25. 1,000 BC - 1,000 AD

  26. Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Woodland 1,000 B.C. to 1,000 A.D. Tribes Shelter Tools Food Pottery Religion

  27. Tribes group of people sharing common ancestry, name, and way of living

  28. Built domed-shaped huts with trees

  29. Used Bow & Arrows to Hunt

  30. Hunted large animals and small game

  31. Improved Pottery

  32. Effigy Mound

  33. Kolomoki Mounds Located in Southwest Georgia Largest Woodland Settlement in State Contained at Least 8 Mounds

  34. Woodland

  35. (1000–1600 AD) Mississippian Period

  36. Mississippian Period: 1,000 A.D. – 1,600 A.D. Weapons: Bow and arrow Food: Deer, turkey, and other small game Ability to store food-pottery First to grow beans (protein source) Horticulturalist organized agriculture: Corn(Maize), beans, squash

  37. Shelters: Large Permanent Settlements Arranged in small towns Wattle and daub homes Frame of branches and mud covered with thatch

  38. Villages located near waterways

  39. Helped keep unwelcome people and animals from entering the village. Palisade Moats

  40. Mississippian Period Indians are known for building large earthen mounds for ceremonial purposes Burial mounds Ceremonial mounds for offerings Temple mounds for worship. Sometimes served as the center of village life.

  41. Ocmulgee Mounds • As impressive as the Kolomoki Mounds were, the Native Americans of Georgia will outdo themselves with the Ocmulgee Mounds. • Located in Macon. • Consist of 7 mounds and associated plazas. • Built on top of the Macon Plateau – rise 56 feet high.

  42. Etowah Mounds • Located in Cartersville. • 54-acre site contains six earthen mounds, a plaza, village area, borrow pits and defensive ditch. • Most Impressive chiefdom capital at this time. Most intact Mississippian Culture site in the Southeastern United States.

  43. Ritual Ceremony Taking Place in a Plaza

  44. Mississippians lived in villages called chiefdoms. Chiefdom = a small society in which one person, a chief, makes most decisions. Mississippians traded among themselves over a large area This trade gave their villages access to many goods Shell, copper, ceramic objects

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