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Explore the rich history of New Zealand, from the arrival of Polynesian groups to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Maori wars. Learn about the ethnic groups, geography, climate, flora and fauna, and typical dishes of the country.
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NEW ZEALAND BY FERRARI FEDERICO, AVELLA SAMUELE AND PIZZABALLA TOMMASO
The first humansettlements in New Zealand date back toaboutsevencenturies ago, whenPolynesiangroupsarrivedtherebetween 1000 and 1300. In the followingcenturies, theydevelopedtheirownculture, forgingthe identityof the Māori people. THE HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND
Then... The Europeans landed on the islands of New Zealand thanks to the British explorer James Cook, who visited these lands during his trip in 1768-71. Cook landed in New Zealand in 1769.
TREATY OF WAITANGI The British government decided to send William Hobson to New Zealand, in order to claim British sovereignty and enter into a treaty with the natives. Infactfrom 1788 to 1840 New Zealand formally becomea part of New South Wales. The real breakthrough was determined by the Treaty of Waitangi, stipulated in the Bay of Islands on February 6 ,1840.
MAORI WARS The situation began to worsen when, faced with the growth of white settlements, the Māorilostthe control of their land. These contrasts led to the “Māoriwars”, fought between the sixties and seventies of the nineteenth century and which caused the loss of most of their land.
After the Second World War... The Māoristartedmoving to cities in search of employment. Meanwhile, the Māoritaughtthemselves howtoprotect their ownculture and started to protest by claiming thatthe Waitangi Treaty was not respected. In the meantime, the traditional economic ties with Great Britain began to ease due to the entry of the latter into the European Economic Community. Numerous economic and social changes occurred during the eighties during the fourth Labor government in the history of the country.
ETHNIC GROUPS According to the 2013 census, 74% of the population of New Zealand has European origins, mainly English and Scottish, but with substantial minorities of Germans, Dutch and Italians. 14% of the population is of Maori ethnicity. The other natives of the Polynesian ethnic group are 7%, while the Asians are 11%. population
Divisionof the territory
WHO ARE THE MAORI? The Māori are a Polynesian people, spread mainly in New Zealand. They are generally tall, with light brown skin, a large nose and big eyes that tend towards almond. It is believed that the population of Māori is around 700,000.
GEOGRAPHY New Zealand has a long and narrow shape. It extends for about 1500 km from north to south; in both islands the west coast is not more than 200 km from the eastern one. New Zealand is an archipelago formed by two large islands (North Island and South Island), divided by the Cook Strait, and from many other smaller islands. Bothislands are crossedby mountain ranges; the South Island from the SouthernAlps and the North Island fromsmallerchains. New Zealandisstillrich in manyactivevolcanoes and isan area ata high seismicrisk.
CLIMATE The rains are intense and frequent, asbeinganislanditisnaturally more exposedtooceanwinds and rainfall. In general,the climateis temperate and maritime, withtemperaturesrarelygoinglowerthan 0 ° C and higherthan 30 ° C.
FLORA: The flora of New Zealand is extremely varied and for the most part endemic: native species such as kauri, tuatara and kukapo grow next to vast rain forests dominated by beech, tawa, fern and flax, in fields covered with alpine and sub-alpine herbs and to a wide range of flowers. In the Northern Island the dominant vegetation is the evergreen forest, with the exception of the volcanic plateau where the prairie predominates.
ANIMALS Endemic animal species are very rare. Birds abound: among the most common species we can find the mopoke, the tui and the kea, as well as various birds unable to fly such as kakapo and kiwi, the animal symbol of New Zealand. The seas of New Zealand are home to various fish species: tuna, marlin and shark, as well as seals, dolphins and whales. The rivers and lakes of the country then host other types of fish, including trout and salmon. reawakening
TYPICAL DISHES HANGI The paua or ear of the sea, hard crustacean that is crushed, chopped and then kneaded in pancakes. A typical national dish is represented by the hangi, a mixture of fish, meat and vegetables cooked with the ancient Maori technique, that is to place the food inside a dug pit, covered with burning stones, so that the food is cooked.
HOKEY POKEY The hockey pokey, caramel sugar sweets, are a typical recipe of New Zealand cuisine that is often consumed with cream or vanilla ice cream. AFGHAN Afghans, chocolate biscuits, are prepared by stir in butter and sugar and then adding the cocoa flour and other ingredients. The mixture is then divided into small portions that will be cooked in the oven and served cold.
ALL BLACKS The Māori All Blacks formerly known as New Zealand Māori are a selection of 15 New Zealand rugby madeof Māori ethnic players. The team originates from the selection of the Natives who travelled the world on a famous world tour in 1888-89. It adopts a black jersey, similar to the New Zealand rugby national team.