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ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE- HILL BUILDINGS OF INDIA

ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE- HILL BUILDINGS OF INDIA. By: Ar. ANOOP SHARMA ASTT PROF; DOALD SMVDU. Major Hill Buildings Of India. Major Hill Buildings Of India. Constraints For Development On Hills slope Hydrology Geology Vegetation Concerns Guiding The Development Grading

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ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE- HILL BUILDINGS OF INDIA

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  1. ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE- HILL BUILDINGS OF INDIA By: Ar. ANOOP SHARMA ASTT PROF; DOALD SMVDU

  2. Major Hill Buildings Of India

  3. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Constraints For Development On Hills • slope • Hydrology • Geology • Vegetation • Concerns Guiding The Development • Grading • Erosion Control • Climatic Aspects

  4. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Grading Controls • Differing street widths to minimize the site development costs and maintain the character of the site • Finished grading should mimic the original terrain. • Roads should be parallel to the contours and Buildings should be located on the flatter area of the site. • + HILL SIDE DEVELOPMENT

  5. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Slope Controls: • Slopes that are to be mowed down should not exceed 3:1 slope • New cut and fills should not exceed 2:1 • On steeper slopes that exceed 15’ in ht., a reverse bench should be designed to collect the run off and convey it to a stabilized outlet • Slope 5:1 REVERSE BENCH REVERSE BENCH DETAIL

  6. Major Hill Buildings Of India • New slopes that are to be reseeded should be graded in a manner that is conducive to the establishment of new plants. • This requires the surface to be roughened to create micro sites- slope is roughened or tracked • Vegetative buffers need to be created. ROUGHENED SURFACE

  7. Major Hill Buildings Of India INCREASED LOAD ON TOP SOIL AND WATER SATURATION BELOW SLOPE SLOPE FAILURE CAUSED BY REGARDNG A SLOPE SO THAT ITS STEEPER SLOPE FAILURE CAUSED BY AN INCREASED LOAD ON TOP WHICH COMPRESSES THE UNDERLYING MATERAIL

  8. Major Hill Buildings Of India DRY LAID STONE WALL CAISSON AND SOIL BUTTRESS

  9. Major Hill Buildings Of India SLOPE STABILIZATION USING ROCK BUTTRESS DEATIL GABION RETAINING WALL DEATIL

  10. Major Hill Buildings Of India Ledeg(LadakhEcological Development Group) Trainee's hostel Location:Ledeg’s Chans’pa Centre , Leh Introduction: Ledeg Trainee's hostel • The LEDeG hostel provides sleeping accommodation for 24 persons with toilet , laundry and study facilities all integrated into the building. • The hostel is two storey with 12 double Bedrooms and ancillary spaces.

  11. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Sustainable Design: • Traditional Techniques have been modified and adapted for use in the building . • The load bearing walls of the ground floor are made in rubble masonry with mud mortar. • The upper floor uses load bearing sun dried mud bricks (adobe) in mud mortar • Partition walls executed in adobe.

  12. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Sustainable Design: • The intermediate floors and roof s are timber framed , with poplar wood joists covered by twigs, grass and earth • A small slope has been given to the flat roof so as not to create sag in the middle. • South orientation: the building is oriented south , every habitable room has south exposure. • Only corridors, toilets and staircases are without direct south orientation.

  13. Major Hill Buildings Of India P L A N • The 12 bed rooms and the laundry and study rooms all have large south exposure for winter heat gain with no overhang. • All winter heating has been met by south exposure.

  14. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Solarium: • the centre of the building is a south approached air-locked entrance leading to the study room. • These spaces are used at daytime only , they are heated by south glazing tilted at 60 degree to the horizontal. • The directly gained solar heat is stored in mass of the building and the warmth can remain few hours after sundown.

  15. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Trombe wall: • The bedrooms have been provided with a mix of windows and glazed walls. • Some of these are trombe wall design with vents for convective loop formation • These mass walls are made of rubble (ground floor) and adobe (first floor).

  16. Major Hill Buildings Of India • Insulation and mass: • The thick earth in walls and roof provide insulation and mass. • Absorbing Finish: • The south walls are painted black to provide better heating. This color along with maroon, has been used to embellish all openings. Weather Stripping All openings have cork weather strips at the edges to seal them tight. Solar Hot water : A flat plane Thermosiphonic collector system is provided on the roof of the building. At an angle of 60 degree tilt, it provides year around hot water.

  17. Major Hill Buildings Of India CONCLUSIONS : • Traditional materials and methods of construction have been modified and adapted to achieve energy efficiency • a Predominantly south exposure with no overhangs for maximum winter gains. • Entrance lobby designed as a solarium on the south side. • Bedrooms provided with various types of Trombe walls (half Trombe, unvented Trombe, vented Trombe) or direct gain systems for passive heating.

  18. RESIDENCE FOR MULLICK, BHOWALI, NAINITAL THIS SMALL FAMILY COTTAGE IS A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF TRAFITIONAL HILL ARCHITECTURETHAT MAXIMIZE THE USE OFSOLAR ENERGY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THERMAL COMFORT. DESIGNED BY ARCHITECT SANJAY PRAKASH FOR MULLICK AFTER RETIREMENT WITH EQUIREMENTS-100 M² IN TWO LEVELS OF 50M² EACH. • LOCATED ON STEEP SLOPE,THE ENTRANCE IS FROM THE NORTH AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL. GROUND FLOOR PLAN

  19. FEATURES OF THE COTTAGE- • THE STRUCTURE IS LOAD BEARING CONSTRUCTION WITH A TIMBERED FRAMED ROOF. • FIRST FLOOR HAVING KITCHEN AND LIVING ROOM, AND ONE CLIMBED DOWN FOR THE BEDROOMS THAT ARE TUCKED INTO THE HIILS. • THE COTTAGE IS ORIENTED DUE SOUTH TO • MAXIMIZE SOLAR GAIN, • AND ITS COMPACT SHAPE REDUCES HEAT LOSS. • THE LOWER FLOOR IS PROVIDED WITH AN EARTH COVER, AS THE COTTAGE IS PARTLY INTO THE HILL VIEW FROM SOUTH SIDE

  20. DIRECT SOLAR GAIN IS ENSURED IN LIVING/DINING AND KITCHEN, WHICH ARE THE DAYUSED SPACES BY LARGE SOUTH FACING GLAZED AREA. • THE WALLS OF THE HOUSES ARE THICK RUBBLE AVAILABLE NEAR THE SITE.THE CEMENT MORTAR JOINTS ARE KEPT VERY LEAN TO GIVE THE LOOK OF DRY RUBBLE MASONARY. • GAIN FOR BEDROMS • THE COTTAGE IS ZONED SO THAT ALL DAY USE SPACES ARE ON UPPER FLOOR AND GET MORE SOLAR GAIN AT THE COST OF SOME NIGHT LOSES.

  21. ON THE NORTH THE HOUSE IS SUNK INTO THE HILLS BY AN ENTIRE FLOOR AND THIS EARTH COVER PROVIDES STABLE TEMPERATURE. • ON THE EAST AND WEST, THE WALL IS INSULATED FROM INSIDE TO REDUCE THE THERMAL MASS OF THE BUILDING. • THE ENTIRE ROOF IS INSULATED WITH ROCK WOOL AND THERE ARE FEW OPENINGS ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDE. • THE BUFFER SPACES (LOBBY,STAICSE, ETC.) ARE ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE RESIDENCE. • IN ADDTION TO SOUTH FACING WINDOWS, A • TROMBE WALL HAS BEEN INCLUDED ON THE • SOUTH WALL OF THE LOWER FLOOR FOR THE • INDIRECT SOLAR GAIN.

  22. AIRPORT AND STAFF HOUSING, KARGIL • THE COMPLEX HAS BEEN DESIGNESD TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A SMALL AIRFIELD IN THE REMOTE REGION OF KARGIL. • FACILITIES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE ARRIVAL &DEPARTURE LOUNGE, WAITING HALL, OFFICE AND V.I.P. LOUNGE. EASTERN ELEVATION OF AIRPORT HOUSING AT KARGIL • THE 500 MM THICK COMPOSITE WALLS (300MM STONE OUTER OUTER VENNER+50MM INSULATION+150MM HOLOW BLOCKS)INCREASE THE THERMAL LAG AND INSULATE THE INTERIOR FROM HARSH OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT.

  23. INSULATION:- • MAXIMUM SOLAR SPACE IS ACHIEVED BY LARGE DOUBLE GLAZEDSURFACE ON THE SOUTH FACING. • PASSIVE SOLAR FEATURE:- • THE BUILDING HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR MAX. SOLAR PENETRATION IN ALL SPACESDURING CRITICAL PERIODS. • THE BUILDING HAS BEEN OPTIMZED FOR UNIFORM AND GLARE FREE LIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN THE OFFICE AREAS. EARTH BERMING:- • THE WAITING HALL AND EARTH BERMING ON THE EAST FACE FURTHER ACT AS INSULATION BUFFERS. GROUND FLOOR PLAN

  24. COMPLEX DESIGN TO RECEIVE DEEP PENETRATION OF DAY LIGHT AND SOLAR RADIATION IN WINTER SEASON ROOF DETAILS:-THE CLEAR STOREY GLAZING AT ROOF LVL. ON THE SOUTH MAX. THE HEAT GAIN AND DAYLIGHT TO ALL INNER SPACES.THE ROOF ANGLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO PREVENT MUTUAL SHADING DURING CRITICAL PERIODS.THE BUILDING IS INNOVATIVE ARTICULATION OF LOCAL MATERIAL( STONE, MUD, WOOD) WITH MODERN MATERIALS (R.C.C., STEEL, GLASS ETC.)

  25. Airport staff housing, kargil The airport staff housing provides for 14 individual residential units, 2 three bedroom units, 4 two bedrooms units. Designed in cluster like compact form to maintain individuality and privacy of each unit. Max. solar penetration has been provided in all main spaces during critial period. BUILDING PLAN SHOWING CLUSTER OF HOUSE IN HOUSING COLONY

  26. ORIENTATION- • CLUSTER HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AROUND CENTRAL OPEN SPACE WITH MAX. SOUTHERN EXPOSURE. • TERAACE AND GLAZING ON LONGER OF SOUTHERN ORIENTATION FOR DIRECT SOLAR GAIN AND MIN. OPENING ON THE NORTH WALL PREVENT HEAT LOSS. INSULATION- • THE COMPOSITE WALL SECTION OF CONCRETE BLOCKS, INSULATION LAYERS AND STONE HAS BEEN USED TO INCREASE THERMAL LAG. • SERVICES SPACES ARE PLACED ON THE NORTH AND THE LIVING SPACE FACE SOUTH. VIEW OF STAFF HOUSINGCOLONY

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