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1. 1 Green Technology Presented by SCHOOL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich Head of Solar Thermal Research Unit School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) Naresuan University Naresuan University The 7th CRISU-CUPT Conference “Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World” http://www.sert.nu.ac.th

2. 2 Outline Defining Green Technology Major Types of Green Technology Green Industry Green Building Green IT Green Energy Some Case Studies of Green Technologies Green Industry Green Building

3. 3 Defining Green Technology Evolution, methods and materials used to amend and configure equipment to get better function or cleanness without problem Target of development leads to the following benefits Encouragement: meeting to create future society without damage and natural destruction Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be “Cycle of product” which can be also recycled Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being recreated to be new product and consumption

4. 4 Defining Green Technology (Cont’d) Innovation: development for technology Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit with technology and product to be proper with environment Energy: recognizing information about green technology including the fuel development, meaning of generating energy and effect of energy usage Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact on environment

5. 5 Major types of Green Technology Green Industry Global Change  Climate change Resource Depletion  increasingly viable technological for Renewable resources Food Supply  Agricultural methods & wastes Toxic in the Environment  design for reduced hazards

6. 6 Green Industry is about reducing Waste Materials Hazard Risk Energy Cost

7. 7 Green Building • To reduce impact of building to environment and human health which green building yields friendly environment by • Increasing energy and other resources efficiencies • Improving working environment to support performance both indoor and outdoor • Reducing wastes and pollution which are released to environment • Use of electrical appliances for energy conservation • Selecting construction material with friendly environment

8. 8 Design of Green and Sustainable Building • Followed as USA’s standard of “LEED” or Leadership in Energy and Environment design which was developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC Committee) • The following project checklists had to be examined: • - Sustainable Sites (SS) • - Water Efficiency (WE) • - Energy & Atmosphere (EA) • - Materials & Resources (MR) • - Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) • - Innovation & Design Process (ID)

9. 9 Project Checklists Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 17 items Innovation & Design Process (ID) 2 items Material & Resources (MR) 14 items LEED Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 9 items Sustainable Sites (SS) 15 items Water Efficiency (WE) 5 items

10. 10 Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand • consisting of 6 main points as follows: • Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and encouragement for use of mass transportation • Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly efficient energy and considering utilization of renewable energy, configuring engineering system and non-CFC refrigerant usage • Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity which is lower than standard usage • Construction material: selecting material which is friendly environment, use of recycled and locally available material to reduce fuel consumption for transportation

11. 11 Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand (Cont’d) • 5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness • 6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system

12. Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand (Cont’d) 12 5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness 6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system

13. 13 Green IT • Reasons for the Need of Green IT are • Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce operational costs • Compliance with the regulatory bodies and reducing the carbon footprints • Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so as to reduce the environmental impact of IT utilization

14. 14 Green IT • Ways to Implement • Unutilized and underutilized resources to be decommissioned • If possible using a single power efficient server • Power management: Automation of shutdown and power on processes • Upgradation to power efficient hardware • Advantages • Reduces greatly the operational costs • Put forward a noble image in front of client and other stakeholders

15. 15 Green Energy • Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are • Natural Resources used in energy generation process • Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable sources • Ways to implement • Setting up power plants using renewable energy sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass • Increased government spending on sustainable sources of energy • Infrastructure and manpower development

16. 16 Green Energy • Advantages • Cleaner and healthier environment • Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized

17. 17 Green Energy • In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided by • Thai Government as follows: • Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be next generation value-creator • Securing country’s energy supply • Pricing energy right • Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years • Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on 2010 level) within 20 years

18. 18 Green Energy From National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest version of Thailand’s master plan on renewable energy (Alternative Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years) was developed by Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy as shown in the next slide

19. 19 Green Energy

20. Some Case Studies of Green Technologies 20 Many human activities cause to generate the increase of CO2 in the world carbon cycle Forest is the source to absorb and release CO2 - Economy development - Production - Industrial process - Transportation are reasons to generate CO2 Deforestation and burning forest cause to release CO2

21. 21 Process in Industry odor Exhaust gas Water Energy (Electricity, oil) Raw material Sound Production process Product Waste water Solid waste Danger/ Risk

22. 22 Current Problem of Energy System Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere? Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas) Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to atmosphere such as Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.) Increasing energy efficiency (EE)

23. 23 Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry) and Clean Technology That is :  Cleaner Production  Pollution Prevention  Waste Minimization

24. 24 Benefits obtained from using concept of Green Industry to manage for various industries  Economic Benefit  Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation  Create image of organization  ISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign  Environmental Benefit • Obtain decreased quantities of resources and waste (Unit/year) from calculation

25. 25 Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry  Find source of waste • Create diagram of production process • (“When substances enter the process, product and any wastes • will be produced”)  Analyze the cause considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, management product and waste

26. 26 Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry  Find the effective ways to defend and solve considering source of 5 causes as: 1. change/improve raw material 2. change/improve technology or equipment 3. use suitable production method and management 4. change/improve the product 5. reuse and recycle

27. 27 Concept of Green Industry Green T Savings Payback Reduction at source Concept  Reduce contamination at source  Efficient management of source Characteristic of this Technology  Solve at the origin  Reduce cost of waste Treatment  Correspond to market need Recycle Cost Reduction Treatment Method Gov. Policy Releasing

28. 28 Steps of applying with Green Industry Plan and Set organization Preliminary evaluation Feasibility study Exquisite evaluation Start to do Follow to evaluate results

29. 29 Steps of Plan and Set Organization Encourage from executive of industrial company Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry Set working group to manage the Green Project Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle

30. 30 Preliminary evaluation • Objectives • To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem • To select interest issue for examining with exquisite • evaluation

31. 31 Steps of Preliminary evaluation Create diagram of production process • General data of company and product • Use of raw material and waste Collect and review data from document Gather data from survey Create diagram of production process • Examine correctness of production process • Focus area having loss • Investigate real working condition • Determine inflow-outflow mass in process • Roughly evaluate quantity of raw material, energy and waste in each line of process • Consider 3 points: • Possibility of technique, economic and environment Select problem issue

32. 32 Exquisite evaluation Steps of this evaluation: Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances Find cause of any losses in process Propose alternative of Green Industry

33. 33 Feasibility Study Steps of this study: Evaluate possibility of technique, economic and environment Select the effectively possible option

34. 34 Possibility of techniquecan be calculated from Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index × 100 Best Index Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste Monthly quantity of product

35. 35 Possibility of economiccan be calculated from Possibility = (Average Index - Best Index) × Average production capacity × Capital cost per unit Possibility Possibility of Economic (%) = × 100 Sum of Possibilities

36. 36 Impact on Environmentcan be considered in 3 points  Quantity (Q)  Effect (E)  Diffusivity (D)

37. 37 Practice and Follow to evaluate results Steps of this study: Contact and coordinate with focused department Set duration period for real practice Concentrate the results of the following parameters  Quantity of resource used  Quantity of waste and pollution  Quantity of changed benefit

38. 38 The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) works together with Department of Industrial Promotion in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand. Case Study I MPE Industry Co., Ltd General Information Major Product Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam) Production Capacity Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/year Real Production Cap. ~ 75% of Total capacity Major raw material Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE) Minor raw material Butane , Talcom

39. 39 Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam Raw material passes quality standard Roll raw material and butane gas prepared Preparation of raw material Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 1 hr. Set Machine No Dispose of waste from production Produce Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color surface Yes Keep product (stock) in warehouse Take to transform Take to sell Store product Distribute product to customer

40. 40 Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam PE-Foam, Air bubble Check raw material before transformation Give plan to transform Preparation of raw material Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminated machine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine Set Machine No Taking waste to recycle Transform Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color surface With passing through cutting, seal, increase thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelope thermal insulator Yes Store product Keep product (stock) in warehouse Distribute product to customer

41. 41 Data of Energy used Items Value No. of transformer 2 Size of transformer (1) 1,000 kVA Voltage (1) 22-33 kV Size of transformer (2) 800 kVA Voltage (2) 22-33 kV Meter number 1832406 Annual total electricity consumption 1,504,400 kWh/year Annual thermal energy used 5,415,840 MJ/year Average monthly electricity consumption 125,366.66 kWh/m

42. 42 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 800 kVA Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5 and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory, as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss. Size of Transformer : 800 kVA Tab is set at no. 3

43. 43 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure. Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

44. 44 Results of adjustment Items Value Electrical energy savings 936.60 kWh/year 3,371.6 MJ/year Cost of savings 2,922.20 Baht/year Investment cost - Baht Payback period - Year

45. 45 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 1000 kVA Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3 and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory, as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss. Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA Tab is set at no. 3

46. 46 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure. Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

47. 47 Results of adjustment Items Value Electrical energy savings 1,345.85 kWh/year 4,845.06 MJ/year Cost of savings 4,199.07 Baht/year Investment cost - Baht Payback period - Year

48. 48 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85 Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68) at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure. Switch is set at O (OFF) Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85

49. 49 Evaluation to Energy Savings  Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85 Solve: Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85) at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as shown in Figure. Switch is set at A (Auto) Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)

50. 50 Results of adjustment Items Value Electrical energy savings 4,922.85 kWh/year 17,722.26 MJ/year Cost of savings 15,359.29 Baht/year Investment cost - Baht Payback period - Year