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Undergraduates in climate sciences: career opportunities. How do decide? Graduate school Jobs. How to decide future?. Consider your skills Look at different options Chose several for further consideration
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Undergraduates in climate sciences: career opportunities • How do decide? • Graduate school • Jobs
How to decide future? • Consider your skills • Look at different options • Chose several for further consideration • Work out your careers goals, and exam overlaps between different careers and what you like • Narrow down your choices • Talk with real people • Try out different options while in school (during summer or after classes) • Consider working for a few years after undergraduate, or doing research before starting graduate school to help decide
Resources for deciding what you what • Online career tests • Books (e.g. what color is my parachute?) • Cornell’s career center has more information.
Try things out now: • Summer school programs • Forestry/natural resources (e.g. Michigan Botanical Station) • Oceanography (Shoals, Semester at Sea program) • Atmospheric (???) • Research • Many options (see web sites with a few) • Most universities, DOE labs, NOAA labs, etc. • NSF has a ‘superlist’ so you can search • Cornell during semester • Work (internships)—talk about more later • Government • Private industry
More reasons to try things out: • Employers and researchers want folks with experience—easier to get jobs • Find out what you like! • Get more one-on-one time (better recommendation letters for grad school or jobs) • Earn money (some) • Earn more money later (you have experience in jobs, so start at higher salary)
Graduate school • Getting a PhD is a lot of work—make sure you love what you do. • Can switch areas, take time before graduate school. • Some tips for choosing a graduate school. In geosciences
Graduate school in atmospheric sciences (from Nielson-Gammon et al., submitted to BAMS) • MS/PhD programs: normally get financial aid (as opposed to MS program)—most institutions offer full support • 18% of applicants end up at a particular school • Minimum GPAs: 3.3-3.4 median (range from 2.7 to 3.7) • GREs: 600 minimum, 700+ median quantitative; verbal more range. • Most important: strong grades in math and science, overall GPA, GREs, undergraduate research (next slide)
What is important for getting into graduate school? This example is for atmospheric sciencesNielsen-Gammon et al., submitted to BAMS
Job opportunities • Atmospheric science related (weather forecasting, etc) • Climate sciences: more folks are hiring • Environmental consulting—traditionally a good place to get a job, and going up faster in the future • Government work: National Weather Service, new Climate Service, NOAA, EPA, USGS. • Education • Energy • Insurance and investment • Media
Resources for finding a job (or internship) • Career services at Cornell—great help with resumes, and job listings • Disciplinary societies have some information: • Advancing the science of limnology and oceanography ( ASLO; careers) • American Geophysical Union (AGU—tiled towards graduate school/postgraduate) • American Meteorological Society students • Journals for specific fields (e.g. Air and Waste Management Association)
Statistics for atmospheric and space sciences(doesn’t include teaching professors) from Department of Labor
Environmental scientists and hydrologists • About 35 percent of environmental scientists were employed in State and local governments; 21 percent in management, scientific, and technical consulting services; 15 percent in architectural, engineering and related services; and 8 percent in the Federal Government. About 2 percent were self-employed. (http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos050.htm#emply). • Projected to grow faster than average.
More links • Oceanography jobs (but not just oceanography): http://www.phys.ocean.dal.ca/hotlists/jobs.html • Some jobs opportunities for MS/PHD—some of which might work for BS level: