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North Carolina Corn Insect Pest 2014 Update

North Carolina Corn Insect Pest 2014 Update. Dominic Reisig NCSU Entomology. Contents of This Presentation. Refuge compliance Does corn earworm impact corn yield? Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm Seed treatment value for NC corn Resistance development of corn earworm to Bt

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North Carolina Corn Insect Pest 2014 Update

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  1. North Carolina Corn Insect Pest 2014 Update Dominic Reisig NCSU Entomology

  2. Contents of This Presentation • Refuge compliance • Does corn earworm impact corn yield? • Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm • Seed treatment value for NC corn • Resistance development of corn earworm to Bt • Stink bug management in corn Research Issues Not in This Presentation

  3. Traits of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn Products * Non-Bt Refuge in Bag Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. Tennessee

  4. Relative Efficacy of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn Products * Unless Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm is present Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. Tennessee

  5. Refuge Requirements (Southern US) of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn Products * Non-Bt Refuge in Bag Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. Tennessee

  6. Why refuge? Slide adapted from Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at Colorado State University

  7. Example Refuge Configurations Image adapted from Canadian Corn Pest Coalition

  8. Common Refuge Questions • Can the refuge be protected from lep. pests? • Yes, using non-Bt insecticides • How should the refuge hybrid be selected? • Chose a hybrid with a similar maturity and plant it as close in time as possible to the Bt hybrid • What happens to those who don’t plant refuge? • Required by law through EPA • Contract occurs at time of purchase of Bt hybrid • Warning letter on first offense, with compliance assessment the following year • No Bt corn after second offense (in consecutive year)

  9. Common Refuge Questions • Who checks for compliance • Independent third parties • Telephone survey, on-farm visits • Are seed purchases tracked? • Of course, but companies don’t share information • How can I know the refuge requirement? • Check the bag tag • Online search “refuge calculator” • Yes, there is an app for that- iPhone and Android…

  10. Common mid- to late-season lep. pest Occasional mid- to late-season lep. pests Southern cornstalk borer Cutworm Corn earworm Armyworms European corn borer

  11. Corn earworm control with Bt hybrids No control Poor-fair control Herculex I Herculex XTRA • Agrisure RW • Herculex RW • YieldGard Rootworm • YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 Very good Fair-good • YieldGard VT2 Pro • YieldGard VT Triple Pro • SmartStax • Agrisure CB/LL • YieldGard Corn Borer • Agrisure CB/LL/RW • Agrisure GT3000 • YieldGard Plus • YieldGard VT Triple Excellent • Agrisure Viptera Slide from F.P.F. Reay-Jones, Clemson U.

  12. To date, I have not documented a single yield loss due to corn earworm feeding in the ear in North Carolina Does corn earworm impact yield?

  13. Example of past experiment- 2011

  14. Does Corn Earworm Affect Yield? • Plots of 14 rows x 50 ft planted in Florence, SC, and in Plymouth, NC (n = 4 replications). • Near-isolines for Bt and non-Bt hybrids (HX1; HX1 + YGCB; VT3; VT2Pro). • Applications of Prevathon (20 oz/ac) twice a week (15 applications in Florence, 18 applications in Plymouth) using a backpack sprayer. • Created treated and untreated subplots • Sampled 20 ears per plot for corn earworm injury and yield

  15. Area of Kernels Injured by Earworm in 2012 Florence, SC Plymouth, NC = hybrids shared same genetic background

  16. Area of Kernels Injured by Earworm in 2013 Florence, SC Plymouth, NC = hybrids shared same genetic background

  17. Relationship between feeding and yield

  18. Conclusions • Corn earworm did not affect yield (NC or SC) • Hybrids should be chosen based on other agronomic considerations than earworm • Bt is probably still necessary for stalk pests (southern cornstalk borer & European corn borer) • Some of these genes active against corn earworm also have activity on other pests • May have fit for late-planted corn • Aflatoxin level may be reduced by eliminating earworm, but effect is highly dependent on hybrid genetics and environment armyworm

  19. Non-Bt Fit only for cattle, will not accept above this level Safe for any use

  20. Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm found in Hyde County, 2013

  21. What adjustments should we make in 2014? • Hybrids with Genuity SmartStax, Herculex and Optimum Intrasect contain Cry1F • Widestrikecountains Cry1F + Cry1Ac • Closely monitor corn and cotton for resistance • August • Plant refuge • Plant refuge • Plant refuge

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