Water data availability Normunds Kadiķis

1. Water data availability Normunds Kadiķis

2. Complex system of Water Quality Management Status of waterMonitoring quality andScientific investigations Data its impactsStatistics bases Modelling Emissions and other causes Decision making at Environmental governmental and reports Actionsmunicipal level etc.Accounting Publications etc. Informing of society Raising of environmental awareness Involvement of stakeholders

3. Short history of surface water monitoring in Latvia • Hydrology monitoring dates back to 1920s • Surface water quality monitoring in selected sites started in 1946 • Enlarged surface water quality monitoring program started in the 1980s • New water monitoring program according to requirements of WFD is launched in 2006(anticipated for 2006-2008)

4. Why we need to carry out surface water quality monitoring?Legal basis: • Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EK ) • Fish Waters Directive (78/659/EEC) • Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC) • Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) with a number of daughter directives • Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) • Surface Water Directive (surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water) (75/440/EEC) LEGMA PHA

5. Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (I) • ~99 water quality monitoring sites in Latvia, very limited amount of lakes • Basic physico-chemical parameters, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, HCO3-, S/SO4+2, Cl-, hardness, suspended solids, Si, Fe+3, BOD5, TOC, N/NH4+, N/NO2-, N/NO3-, Ntot, P/PO4+3, Ptot, Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, As+3, Hg+2, oil hydrocarbons, surface active substances, microbiology, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zoobenthos, zooplankton, macrophytes • Frequency of sampling: • 10 times per year for chemical parameters in rivers (in selected sites – 12 times) and 4 times per year in lakes • 2 -6 times per year for dangerous substances • 1 to several times during the year for biological elements

6. Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (II) • Until late 90-ties a bit more dangerous substances, including pesticides, monitored • Very restricted amount of sediments sampled and analyzed in 80-ties and 90-ties • Stations since late 90-ties classified according to EIONET suggestions: flux stations, impact stations, representative stations...

7. Why there was the need to revise water monitoring program? • According to WFD water bodies as primary water management units must be nominated • Information on ecological quality status must be obtained • Risk assessment not to achieve at least good water ecological quality status until 2015 must be performed • Information on water bodies` ecological quality are prerequisite for establishment of management plans Today 4 river basin districts and 469 water bodies nominated in Latvia!

9. 66 river water bodies nominated, 16 monitored in 2005 184 lake water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005

10. 63 river water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005 63 30 lake water bodies nominated, 6 monitored in 2005

11. Monitoring of priority fish watersin 2005 Lakes` waters total Monitored lakes` waters River waters total Monitored river waters

12. New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (I) • Stations classified according to WFD as surveillance monitoring stations, operational monitoring stations, investigative monitoring stations • Generally, the same parameters as before but zooplankton excluded • Very different picture with respect to certain parameters in different stations: some parameters` monitoring increased significantly but some (for example, main ions) very decreased • Frequency of sampling: • generally,1 time per year for biological parameters(even forphytoplankton and chlorophyll a in lakes) • 3-12 times per year for microbiological parameters and chemical parameters • 4 -6 times per year for dangerous substances

13. New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (II) • Macrophytes will be monitored 1 time every 3 years • Shift to monitoring on rotational basis – ~ 83 water bodies are anticipated to be monitored each year but others - 1 time during 3 years period, taking into account type of station

14. Monitoring of biological elements

15. Monitoring of nutrients` parameters 276 249 143 99

16. Virszemes ūdeņu monitorings Virszemes ūdeņu karte

18. Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (I) • information collected in the statestatistical survey – data base “2 –Ūdens” (LEGMA) • Water abstraction, use and wastewater discharges • Mechanically, chemically and biologically treated wastewater discharges • Pollution discharged (oil products, surface active substances, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biogens, heavy metals, etc.) • Data can be classified by administrative division, river basins or economic branches

19. Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (II) • ~1750 different enterprises (operators, polluters) reported their data in 2005 • Covering entire territory of Latvia with likely at least one reporting organization in every parish (i.e. the parish council) and many enterprises in cities

20. Hydrological monitoring • ~49 rivers` stations in operation, 9 anticipated to be renewed, 3 – to be installed additionally • 3 lakes` stations with water level observations (6 closed stations should be renewed) • Automated or manual water level measurements • Daily mean water discharge calculated / modelled, direct measurements 1 time per month

22. Conclusions • Amount of surface water quality monitoring stations quite enlarged since 2006, but frequency of sampling decreased in many cases • To fill the gaps with regard to surface waters` spatial coverage (Latvia has very dense hydrological network!) as well as time coverage water quality modelling should have exiting perspectives • Challenging is the possibility to model distribution of dangerous substances in surface waters which are minimally covered by existing monitoring program

23. Thanks!