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COM 633: Content Analysis Human-coded Content Analysis; The Coding Scheme. Kimberly A. Neuendorf, Ph.D. Cleveland State University Fall 2010. Human-coded Content Analysis Measures: Not So Different from other Quantitative Studies. Like survey or experimental measures. . .
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COM 633: Content AnalysisHuman-coded Content Analysis; The Coding Scheme Kimberly A. Neuendorf, Ph.D. Cleveland State University Fall 2010
Human-coded Content Analysis Measures: Not So Different from other Quantitative Studies • Like survey or experimental measures. . . • Exhaustive, mutually exclusive categories • High level of measurement • Good distributions/transform if necessary • May combine into scales
The Coding Scheme • Codebook + Coding Form = Coding Scheme • See The Content Analysis Guidebook Online for some examples • Janstova Thesis example (27-page codebook)
Patrika Janstova Thesis:Empirical Testing of Auteur Theory via Content Analysis: A Study of Jane Campion Films • Sources of theory and variables: • Auteur theory (Bazin, Truffaut, Sarris, Wollen & structuralism) • Campion films and scholarly literature • Other auteurs—50 Contemporary Filmmakers (Y. Tasker, 2002). . . Every third filmmaker listed
Janstova Thesis:Themes & Motifs for Non-Campion Directors • Gregg Araki • 1 Intensifies lighting and color of the city (LA) • 2 Love, sex and lust • 3 Queer characters • 4 Tries to show being gay doesn’t make a difference among people • 5 Characters are obsessed with video cameras • 6 Adolescents and homosexuality • Luc Besson • 1 Lack of dialog – comic strip influences? • 2 Stories of young people who have difficulties adapting to a society • 3 Society lets the family down - the young people become emotionally deprived • 4 Youth in crisis • 5 Dysfunctional families • 6 Parents are absent • 7 If mother figure appears – as evil force • 8 Protagonists are lonely and suffering • 9 Self-erasure of the protagonists • 10 Literal portrayals of underworlds – metro, sea, lower regions of cities 11 Characters are “larger than life” • 12 Bricolage of genres – more genres in one
Janstova Thesis:Themes & Motifs for Non-Campion Directors • Tim Burton • 1 Love for horror and fantasy • 2 Plain weirdness of main characters • 3 Technical experimentation with possibilities of animation and visual effects • 4 Main characters are outsiders villains with extremely complex personalities • 5 Main characters have very pale skin • 6 Themes of exclusion and inclusion7 Johnny Depp • Jackie Chan • 1 Kung-Fu stunts • 2 Master-pupil theme (comical) • 3 Silent cinema feel to some of his scenes (i.e., chasing scenes, bar fights) • 4 Female roles are always over the top girlish • David Cronenberg • 1 The physical and the psychological are usually intertwined • 2 Main character is often male scientist – with a bizarre name • 3 Themes: science, disease, aging, invasion, death in literary metaphors • 4 Bodily and psychic mutations • 5 Hostility towards women – men fear and are jealous of females • 6 Womb envy • David Fincher • 1 Critiques of today’s society • 2 A man alone in the universe • 3 Visual translation of feelings of isolation of the characters • 4 Wide angles, shallow focus = isolation • 5 Muted light and color • 6 Psychological and emotional state of American males of 20th century • 7 Decay of American family • 8 Females are barely present
Janstova Thesis:Themes & Motifs for Non-Campion Directors • Jim Jarmusch • 1 Alienation of characters • 2 Use of jump cuts • 3 Characters have no real direction in life • 4 Not interested in What? and Why? but How did one character get where he is now... • 5 Main characters are outsiders • Abbas Kiarostami • 1 Challenges the audience • 2 Poetic and philosophical style • 3 Self-referentiality • 4 Social realist traits/themes • 5 Bleakness and loss - main themes • 6 Often hopeful and enthusiasm accompanies the results • 7 Likes to involve the audience as much as possible • Ang Lee • 1 Modernity vs. tradition • 2 Deep secrets and internal torment come to surface • 3 Conflict between freedom and societal traditions • Michael Mann • 1 Interested in real events • 2 Fading centrality of a male • 3 Visual: soft blues, and sterile and harsh whites
Janstova Thesis:Themes & Motifs for Non-Campion Directors • John Sayles • 1 Social concerns • 2 Political awareness • 3 Complex characters • 4 No central protagonist, usually group of characters • 5 Stretches the boundaries of genres • 6 Witty dialog • 7 Realistic characters • Steven Soderbergh • 1 Character based films • 2 Ironic humor • 3 Sense of isolation and loneliness • 4 Characters are harshly detached, emotionally frozen • 5 Characters are unable to fit with the world around them – lonely • 6 Ultimately, his films are character studies of populated with strangers in a strange land • Oliver Stone • 1 Lonely and isolated male protagonist in quasi-spiritual journey • 2 Character goes through innocence, suffering and experiences liberation or destruction • 3 Testosterone-driven and often didactic dialog • 4 Marginalization of women • 5 The lure of homo-social is evident • Peter Weir • 1 Very national – Australian – rather than international • 2 Avoidance of sexuality • 3 No vivid sex scenes • 4 However he shows erotic desire • Allison Anders • 1 Multiple protagonists • 2 Teen angst (anxiety, fear, worry) • 3 Gangsters • 4 Biopic • 5 Emotional intimacy and heterosexual love atavistic
Janstova Thesis:Variable Sets & Units • Variable SetUnit of Data Collection • Themes & motifs Film • Narrative constructions Major character • Production techniques 5-minute interval
Janstova Thesis:Sample • All 6 Campion films 1989-2003 • 18 “matched” non-Campion films • Total n=24 films
Janstova Thesis:The Codebook Available at the Content Analysis Guidebook Online (newer version, http://academic.csuohio.edu/neuendorf_ka/content)