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Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great. Weapons. Gastraphetes Oxybeles Siege Towers. Clean up before you leave!. Before leaving for Persia Put down rebellions Illyrians, Thracians and Greeks Show Greeks you mean business The slaughter at Thebes – 6,000 civilians killed – 30,000 sold into slavery.

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Alexander the Great

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  1. Alexander the Great

  2. Weapons Gastraphetes Oxybeles Siege Towers

  3. Clean up before you leave! Before leaving for Persia • Put down rebellions • Illyrians, Thracians and Greeks • Show Greeks you mean business • The slaughter at Thebes – 6,000 civilians killed – 30,000 sold into slavery

  4. The Campaign • 25,000 Macedonians, 7,600 Greeks, and 7,000 Thracians and Illyrians - chief officers were all Macedonians

  5. The Campaign - Battles Granicus • Persian and Greek forces (20,000 each) • Alexander slaughtered the Greek forces punitively – 18,000 killed – the rest slaves Gordium • The knot

  6. The Campaign - Battles Issus • Leading the charge! • A sizable force or Darius III’s is destroyed • Darius himself at the battle escapes leaving wife and children

  7. Alexander in Egypt (331 BCE) • Egypt satrap (Persian governor) surrendered without a fight • Alexander at the temple • Wanted to be named son of Ahmon-ra (sun god) • Got his wish • Re-enforced his belief that he was a god

  8. The Campaign Continues • Guagemela en-route to Babylon • Honorable battle plan • Darius III driven off… again • Babylon captured and Persia officially done

  9. Orientalization To win support in new lands • Wore Persian dress to ceremony • Allowed Persian Governors in new lands • Encouraged his men to marry Persian women Caused unrest among some officials – Alexander heard of plots to kill him • Has senior officer Parmenio and his son killed for alleged involvement in a conspiracy – caused further unrest • Other famous murders – including his good friend Cleitus!

  10. Campaign Continues - India 326 BCE – Hydaspes Sneak landing – • encirclement – panicking cornered (200)Elephants! • Thank goodness for sarisas!

  11. Campaign Turns Back wounded in battle – army to return home Return was a disaster • March through the desert in mid summer • Thousands of troops die from heat and exhaustion

  12. Alexander’s Death and Legacy During the trip home, Alexander dies (33) after spiking a high fever – exact cause is unknown • Left no designated successor • Anarchy as various regions rebelled and sought power within the new empire

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