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Painting Lesson. Objective: Each scholar will create a painting on canvas that will be based on inspiration from a famous artist or art movement. Cave Painting.
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Painting Lesson Objective: Each scholar will create a painting on canvas that will be based on inspiration from a famous artist or art movement
Cave Painting Paintings were mostly based on the struggles of early man and his existence with nature. Cro-Magnon man's palette consisted of common material ground finely and mixed with animal grease, the two major colors used during this age were black and red. The artists were good at stylising their work and simplifying it. The animals are beautifully simple and their characteristic features are exaggerated and recorded. They are mostly seen in profile(viewed from the side) while they vary in their activity from standing to running to jumping.
Egyptian Painting • Ancient Egyptian art work was completed for the ka, the soul after death. The art was made to be everlasting to provide a permanent home for the ka ensuring a long, comfortable afterlife. The ka required provisions for an afterlife, mummification of the corpse, image in the round and funerary paintings. Tomb paintings or the murals on the walls would link the ka to everyday life showing him as a dignified protector of the people who was in turn protected by the god Horus. In all the images the Pharaoh was shown as separate, higher up on the picture plane, and more dignified then the other people in the murals. • Furthermore, artists recognised that all people had two characteristic views--front and profile--and so depicted each part of the body in its most characteristic view. The formula used was eye and shoulders in frontal view, head and legs in profile. This combination made any movement or action possible and created an image which appears frozen in time.
Roman Wall Painting • All Roman wall paintings were done in fresco, a method of using a watercolour medium on wet plaster. Entire plaster covered walls were frescoed to look like marble and wood panelling or were cheerfully decorated with flowers and vines, almost like wallpaper.
The Middle Ages • The Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, Medieval Times and the Age of Faith, lasted from 400AD to 1400AD. During this period, Rome considered itself the centre of the known universe with the Pope as the supreme ruler. • Using letters, flowers, and geometric motifs, monks in secluded monasteries decorated pages of Scripture and other writings with infinite detail. Some pages of these manuscripts have figures and narrative decoration while others are simply words with no illustrations. • Manuscript illumination continued through the Gothic period with monks carefully coping the words of Scripture and embellishing them with fanciful lettering and Biblical illustrations. Usually these were painted on parchment and colored with tempera, inks, and even pure gold. The Bible and other religious texts were copied and illustrated by monastic scribes. These illuminated manuscripts were some of the finest examples of Medieval art.
Renaissance • The general goal of early Renaissance sculpture and painting was to emulate realism and naturalism by using the knowledge from Antiquity (Classical Greece). • Artists designed peaceful paintings and weapons of war, church interiors and bridges, city plans and fortifications, sculptures and canals. They explored the scientific aspects of art, such as proportion, anatomy, and perspective. Artists even dissected cadavers to learn about the structure of human muscles and bones. Such knowledge made the figures they drew, painted, and sculpted more realistic. The Renaissance came to an end when the republics lost their freedom. • Beautiful, hand-engraved maps depicted even more accurate illustrations as discoveries about the known world expanded. • Renaissance artists held an important position in society. Artists such as Michelangelo and Raphael were considered more learned, well studied, and divinely inspired. Such artists elevated the art of the Early Renaissance by creating full bodied, dynamic figures, all of which revealed their inner feelings. These figures elevated the role of the individual and the importance of intellectuals from both the past and the present.
Baroque Period • Baroque is the 17th Century art style • Dramatic figures were painted with arms and legs shown in full movement grabbing, clutching in every direction. • The Baroque period is so varied that no single set of stylistic criteria can be applied to it. With the help of rich colours and different light techniques, such as shading and highlighting, figures with the utmost vividness and richness were created. After all it is said that light creates the visible world. [RA] {EB}However, it is said the main characteristic which gives Baroque power enough to "roar" is the localised light source. The central source of light creates the strong contrasts between light and dark required in energy packed pictures.
Impressionism • Impressionism was politically indifferent, no longer were humans the only centre of interest. Spontaneity became integrated in the work through unpoised images. Shadows became minimised focusing on form, shapes and colours. This style of art was given the name Impressionism after Claude Monet exhibited a work called Impression-Sunrise in an 1874 group show. The works of the group were called impressions and not paintings.
Post Impressionism • Post Impressionism is a name chosen to represent a variety of different art that came after Impressionism. [MH] {GB}Post Impressionism was the only appropriate name to call this style since it somewhat resembled impressionism, but was also unique. Post Impressionism applies to all painters of significance in the 1880s and 1890s. More specifically it deals with painters who were Impressionists but became dissatisfied with the limitations of the style and pursued a variety of directions. Since Post Impressionists did not share a common goal there is no more descriptive term for them then Post-Impressionists. • Post-Impressionist art gradually gave way to three main currents: Expression, Abstraction, and Fantasy. The first stresses the artist's emotional attitude toward himself and the world; the second, the formal structure of the work of art; the third explores the realm of the imagination, especially its spontaneous and irrational qualities. The primary concern of the Expressionist is the human community; of the Abstractionist, the structure of reality; and of the artist of Fantasy, the individual mind.
Cezanne Suerat (Pointillism) Vincent Van Gogh
Abstract Expressionism • Exploding after World War II in New York, Abstract Expressionism was based on the freedom of individual expression. It is called � abstract because it emphaszed shape, color and line and there was no recognizable subject matter. It was called expressive because it stressed emotions and feelings over design and formalism. Paintings became movements of undisciplined emotions, wildly exciting action painting slashing brush strokes and fuzzy edges. This style lasted about fifteen years.
Jackson Pollock Willem DeKooning
Expressionism • The subject matter of expressionistic artworks are personal and emotional feelings. Often these works are difficult to define and contemporary society has little understanding for the non-realistic nature of the subject matter. • Mexican artists developed a national style "of the people" that typified the spirit of the Revolution. It contained a simple solid feeling, powerful colours and forms and took on political overtones. Mexico City became alive with bright murals painted on walls and ceilings all depicting the history of the country, the oppression of the common people and the immoral excesses of the ruling class. For many decades social protest and art were synonymous in Mexico.
Fantasy and Fauvism • Fauves - In 1905 a group of artists, brought together by their shared sense of liberation and experiment, developed a radical new style, full of violent colour and bold distortions. Their first public appearance shocked critical opinion so much that they were dubbed the Fauves (the wild beasts). Some of the Fauvisms turned to Primitive art which acted as a stimulus for much needed freshness, strength and vitality. Henri Matisse (1869--1954), leading member of Fauves, the oldest of the founding fathers of 20th-Century painting. The most important picture of his long career is The Joy of Life. What makes the picture so revolutionary is its radical simplicity, its "genius of omission": everything that possibly can be, has been left out or stated by implication only. He had strong feelings about only one thing-the act of painting: this to him was an experience so profoundly joyous that he wanted to transmit it to the beholder in all its freshness and immediacy. The purpose of his pictures, he always asserted, was to give pleasure.
Cubism • Picasso created Cubism. Georges Braque later pursued it.After about a year working together Picasso and Braque were able to produce pictures composed almost entirely of cut-and-pasted scraps of material, with only a few lines added to complete the designs. [RA] {HI}This technique builds up the surface with small square brushstrokes, which was a new way of seeing and painting the world. Cubism is mainly concerned with surface design, pushing emotion and feelings out of the way.
Surrealism • Surrealism was first aimed to be the notion that a dream can be exchanged by �automatic handwriting� directly from the unconscious mind to the canvas, bypassing the conscious awareness of the artist. This, however did not work in practice because some degree of control was unavoidable. Nevertheless, Surrealism stimulated several novel techniques for soliciting and exploiting chance effects. [RA] {HI}Surrealism entered into a dream world of unreality "beneath the realistic surface of life". Logical or recognisable subject matter was presented in very illogical situations or in weird associations. Later Surrealism was based on personal symbols, which were left unexplained by the artists.
Pop Art • An attitude toward art and everyday objects that served as reminders of movies, TV, comics and supermarkets. It developed during the early sixties. The subject matter was the common everyday surroundings such as coke bottles, beer and soup cans or comic strip characters. Paintings existed of hard edges, practically non existent brush strokes, careful preparation and drawing and an impersonal attitude toward the art. It was based on frustration found within the art establishment and contained wit, satire and humour.
