The Roaring Twenties

1. The Roaring Twenties

2. 1920’s • Decade of prosperity, fun and wild living • Era of the “Jazz Age” • New music • Fashion • Fads • Not ___________for everyone

3. Adjustment Period • Most soldiers returned home 1919 • No steady ________ for veterans • No special _________ services • Few ________ • Employers got rich, but veterans did not receive any $$ • Wages did not cover the cost of _____

4. Workers Unrest • Strikes: workers demand _________, better ____________________, ____________ • _______ union leaders were more socialist than East coast • Socialist: political and economic system where _________ and distribution are ________ owned for the benefit of all members in society, people should have more involvement in the government

5. Workers (cont.) • Western union leaders influence by 1917 revolution in Russia, Bolsheviks set up a ____________ regime • Communism: means of production and distribution were _________ owned, no private or individual ownership

6. Workers Unrest (cont.) • Western Labour Conference in March 1919 created One Big Union • One Big Union – represent all Canadian __________ in one organization • Help workers establish more control of industry government through ____________ means

7. Winnipeg General Strike • May 1919: Winnipeg’s metal and building workers walked off their jobs • Demanded higher wages, shorter work week, right to ___________________ (negotiations between workers and management) • Winnipeg was at a standstill: no firefighters, postal workers, telephone or telegraph services, newspapers, streetcars, bread/milk deliveries

8. The Winnipeg General Strike (cont.) • Business leaders, politicians industrialists formed ______________________________________________________________ • Committee believed that union leaders were trying to overthrow the government • Government amended the _____________________ to allow foreign born union leaders to be deported • Special police, fired civic workers, strike leaders arrested

9. Bloody Saturday • June 21, 1919: union held parade to protest • The mayor read the ____________ • a law declaring a grouping of more than 12 people to be unlawfully assembled • The protest turned violent; Royal North West Mounted Police and special police charged crowd

10. Strike Aftermath • Seven arrested leaders were convicted of _______________ • Striking workers not rehired • Divisions between ___________ and business class grew

11. Federalism • Regionalism: concern of various different ___________ of the country with their own _________ problems • Maritimes population is a small region therefore they had ________ seats in parliament • Oil replaced coal, yet Maritimes had coal • Formed _____________________________

12. Federalism/Regionalism (cont.) • There were also regional challenges from Prairies and Ontario • Farmers angered by _____________ because tariffs/duties placed on foreign goods imported into Canada • Farmers wanted __________________, abolish tariffs and allow them to buy cheap machinery • 1919 federal Thomas Crerar created the ________________________________________ • Wanted a new National Party based on _____________ and ownership of railways

13. 1921 Election • MacKenzie King – leader of __________ party • Believed in the middle path • Arthur Meighen – leader of the _________________ • Believed in principles over compromise; didn’t care if he offended anyone • Liberals elected 117 seats; Conservatives 55 seats; Progressives 64 seats

14. 1921 Election • Liberals were a minority government • Progressive Party did not last very long • 1926 – King challenged by the Progressives to set up _______________________ • Act was passed in 1927: $240/yr

15. New Independence • 1922: King refused to support Britain when they were invading ________________ • 1923: King insisted Canada be allowed to sign an international treaty known as the __________________________ without British representative’s signature • 1926: King challenged Britain's over its influence on Canada’s internal politics known as ___________________ • Participated in _____________ Report

16. Review: King-Byng Crisis • 1925 Liberals had to seek Progressive Party support; only had 101 seats, Conservatives had 116 • Liberals lost Progressive Party support because________________smuggling scandal. • Kings ministers were protecting the individuals and even profiting off of the illegal liquor sales to the United States • Conservatives called for a motion of censure • King asked Byng to dissolve parliament; Byng refused • Byng eventually forced to called an election • Sept 14, 1926, King won majority.

17. Halibut Treaty • March 2, 1923 • Canadian-American agreement concerning _____________ in the Pacific Ocean • Halibut could not be caught in low season • Significance: _______ treaty Canada signed on their own; Britain wanted to sign, but King threatened to send an ___________ representative to Washington

18. Chanak Crisis • September 1922 – Turkish ____________ were unhappy with loss of territory to Greece • Expelled Greeks from Smyrna in August 1922 • Lloyd George reinforced British posts in Chanak • King insisted that Canadian Parliament should decide on the course of___________ the country should follow

19. Balfour Report • There was an Imperial Conference (1926) • Dominions of the British Empire requested __________________ • Autonomy: the freedom to govern themselves • Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa • A special committee under Lord Balfour examined the request • Published the Balfour report

20. Balfour Report • Recommendations to allow for autonomy became law in 1931 when the ____________________ was passed • Statute formally turned the British Empire into the ______________________ • Canada now equal in status; entitled to make its own laws

21. Balfour Report (cont.) • Two Restrictions: • Canada’s constitution, the British North America Act, remained in Britain, because the Canadian federal and provincial governments could not agree on an ______________________ • Procedure for changing the Canadian Constitution • Judicial court of appeal for Canadians resided in Britain until 1949

22. Economic Boom • The 1920’s started in depression. • During the 1920’s the US started investing in Canada’s economy. • US Companies set up ‘___________’ which operated here but for American business men. • US enriched Canada’s economy by extracting or harvesting raw materials (__________ resources) • Materials were transported to US for processing and manufacturing (____________ resources)

23. Economic Boom (cont.) • With the increase in employment and economic prosperity few Canadians questioned the __________ effects of American involvement.

24. Economic Boom • The 1920’s started in depression. • During the 1920’s the US started investing in Canada’s economy. • US Companies set up ‘branch plants’ which operated here but for American business men. • US enriched Canad’a economy by extracting or harvesting raw materials (primary resources) • Materials were transported to US for processing and manufacturing (secondary resources)

25. Bootlegging the Border • The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) pushed prohibition into legislation in Canada and the US. • By ____________ provincial governments were overturning the decision because of its unpopularity. • The US, however, enforced it until 1933. Canadians sold illegal alcohol over the border for about 10 years.

26. Prosperity = Urbanization • With the new booming economy Canadians were afforded more opportunities to enjoy the luxuries of life. • _____________ were becoming affordable and popular. • Telephone lines were becoming commonplace for all houses in cities. • Professional sports were also increasing in popularity.