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Influenza

Influenza. Marcus Bond Jenna Kilcomons Sarah Rimmel Garilynn Sincere. Background Info. Chapter 28: Infectious Diseases Target Audience UF College Students Ages 18-25. The Flu Virus. What is it? Prevalence How does it spread? Symptoms. What is Influenza?.

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Influenza

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  1. Influenza Marcus Bond Jenna Kilcomons Sarah Rimmel Garilynn Sincere

  2. Background Info • Chapter 28: Infectious Diseases • Target Audience • UF College Students • Ages 18-25

  3. The Flu Virus What is it? Prevalence How does it spread? Symptoms

  4. What is Influenza? • Contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses • Can cause mild to severe illness and may lead to death

  5. Prevalence • Every year in the United States, on average: • 10-20% of population gets the flu • more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu complications • about 36,000 people die from flu

  6. How the Flu Spreads • Coughing, Sneezing • Touching mouth, nose, eyes • Able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 days after becoming sick • May be able to spread the flu before knowing you have it!

  7. Fever Headache Fatigue Dry cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle aches Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can occur but are more common in children Symptoms Include:

  8. Three Types of Influenza A • Type • Type • Type B C

  9. Type A • May cause epidemics or pandemics • Divided into subtypes based on surface proteins • H1N1 & H3N2 included in yearly flu vaccine • H5N1 Avian influenza virus • Also found in pigs, dogs, horses, whales, seals

  10. Type B • May cause epidemics or pandemics • May cause seasonal flu • Circulates among humans • Included in yearly vaccine

  11. Type C • Cause mild respiratory illness • Not thought to cause epidemics • Not preventable by vaccine • Rare compared to Types A and B

  12. Pandemic Requirements • New influenza virus subtype • Infection of humans • Once humans infected, spreads easily

  13. History of the Flu Spanish Influenza Asian Influenza Hong Kong Influenza Avian Influenza

  14. Spanish Influenza, H1N1 • 1918-1919 • Estimated million deaths worldwide • 660,000 in US • Highest death rate among healthy young adults 20 - 40

  15. Asian Influenza, H2N2 • 1957-1958 • Estimated two to four million deaths worldwide • deaths in US 700,000

  16. Hong Kong Influenza, H3N2 • 1968-1969 • Estimated deaths worldwide • 34,000 in US 1 million

  17. Avian Influenza, H5N1 • Several subtypes reported and confirmed since 1997 • Infected birds carry virus in intestines • Passed to humans via infected poultry • Human to human extremely rare

  18. Avian Flu Statistics • Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza • Reported to WHO • 19 September 2006 • Total number of cases includes number of deaths • WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases

  19. Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A(H5N1)

  20. Preparation for Outbreak Know the facts Reduce opportunities for human infection Contain or delay spread of infection Social disruption Antiviral drugs Practice healthy habits

  21. Preparation for Outbreak 1. Know the Facts • Identify accurate sources • Talk to local health care providers • Watch news reports and read newspapers

  22. Preparation for Outbreak 2. Reduce Risk of Human Infection • Prevention of behaviors that expose humans to virus • Watch for infected areas because they are able to carry the virus

  23. Preparation for Outbreak 3.Contain or Delay Spread of Infection • Antiviral drugs • Quarantine • Limit spread of germs

  24. Preparation for Outbreak 4. Social Disruption • Services may be cut off: • Health care facilities, banks, stores, government offices • Transportation • Work from home? • Care for those with special needs

  25. Antiviral Drugs • “Tamiflu” • Limited production capacity • 19 countries listed as “Influenza vaccine manufacturers” (WHO) • Potential for drug resistance • Some H5N1-infected people treated with Oseltamivir developed resistance

  26. Antiviral Drugs • After spread of H5N1 virus in 2003, many countries are stockpiling • Britain: 14.6 million doses • Current developmental research for other effective or more effective drugs

  27. Practice Healthy Habits • Avoid close contact • Stay home when sick • Cover mouth and nose • Wash hands • Avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth • Why don't we do it in our sleeves?

  28. Stop the Spread of Germs • Cover mouth or nose with tissue when coughing/sneezing • Throw tissue in waste basket • Wash hands with soap and warm water or alcohol-based cleanser • Cough into upper sleeve

  29. Influenza Vaccine Providers at UF Prevention Campaign Vaccine options Shortage of vaccines

  30. Vaccine Providers at UF • Student Health Care Center (infirmary) • Student Health at Shands • Outreach clinics: • Reitz Union Colonnade • Founders Gallery in the Health Science Center

  31. UF Prevention Campaign • Annual campus-wide Influenza Prevention Campaign starts the week of October 23rd • Open to ALL UF students and employees • This site will provide a sense of the number of cases of true influenza diagnosed vs flu-like illness at the SHCC • http://www.shcc.ufl.edu/medical/flustat.htm

  32. Vaccine Options 1. Flu shot – inactivated vaccine (contains non-living virus) administered with needle • Approved for use in people 6 months of age and older, including healthy people and people with chronic medical conditions • $5.00 for UF students

  33. Vaccine Options 2. Nasal spray – made with live, weakened flu viruses • LAIV for “Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine” • Approved for use in non-pregnant healthy people 5 to 49 years of age • $40.00 for UF students

  34. Vaccine Shortage • Annual supply of vaccine and timing of distribution cannot be guaranteed in any year • Possible in part due to time constraints between annual vaccine strain update and manufacturing period

  35. Vaccine Shortage • Inactivated influenza vaccines usually ready for distribution 8 months after updated strains chosen • First waves of 20th century pandemics have typically spread to all continents in 6 months or less…

  36. Vaccine Accessibility • Vaccines developed by cultivating the virus in chicken eggs • Problem: H5N1 attacks and kills chicken eggs • Solution: New efforts to reverse genetics, making H5N1 virus harmless to chicken eggs, allowing for the development of vaccine

  37. Vaccine Accessibility • Lack of overall production capacity • Lack of surge production capacity • Impractical to develop system depending on hundreds of millions of 11-day old specialized eggs on a standby basis • Pandemic H5N1 might be lethal to chickens

  38. Video Clip

  39. Resources • Reliable, accurate, and timely information available at www.pandemicflu.gov • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hotline: • 1–800–CDC–INFO. 24 hrs/day, 7 days/week • Questions? e-mail: inquiry@cdc.gov

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