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PATHOLOGY STUDY

PATHOLOGY STUDY. Anatomical pathology (morbid anatomy) General pathology Special / system-organ pathology Clinical pathology (laboratory medicine) Hematopathology Transfusion and transplantation pathology Chemical pathology Clinical immunology Clinical microbiology.

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PATHOLOGY STUDY

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  1. PATHOLOGY STUDY • Anatomical pathology (morbid anatomy) • General pathology • Special / system-organ pathology • Clinical pathology (laboratory medicine) • Hematopathology • Transfusion and transplantation pathology • Chemical pathology • Clinical immunology • Clinical microbiology

  2. Anatomical Pathology Units • Autopsy Pathology • Surgical Pathology • Cytopathology • Immunopathology • Histochemistry

  3. Methods used in Pathology study • Gross Examination • Microscopic study • Special techniques

  4. Autopsy Pathology

  5. Autopsy = see through oneself Disseminated cancer

  6. Surgical Pathology

  7. Surgical Pathology

  8. Tissue processor

  9. Tissue processing steps Fixation - formalin Dehydration- alcohols Clearing - xylenes Infiltration - paraffin

  10. PATHOLOGY(Greek : pathos = disease +logos) • A branch of medicine which treats of the essential nature of disease, especially of the structural and functional changes in tissue and organs of the body which cause or are caused by disease. • The structural and functional manifestations of disease.

  11. Histotechnology embedding

  12. Histotechnology Paraffin sectioning

  13. Floating section ribbon

  14. Routine Staining Hematoxylin & Eosin

  15. Cryostat sectioning (frozen section)

  16. Microtome in refrigerator minus 20-25 deg.Celcius

  17. Microscopy

  18. Data processing

  19. Surgical Pathology Report

  20. Keeping microscopic slides

  21. Aetiology Pathogenesis Morphologic changes Clinical manifestation Cause Mechanism Structural alteration Functional consequence The cores of Pathology study

  22. Mechanisms of Diseases • Genetic disorders • Biochemical (metabolic) disorders • Physical injury • Toxicology • Immunology • Infectious agents

  23. Category of the Disease • Congenital • Traumatic • Mechanical • Inflammation • Metabolic / endocrine • Degenerative • Growth disturbances/ Neoplasia

  24. thoracoplagus

  25. Infectious diseases Congenital Syphilis Opisthorchis viverini Acid fast bacilli

  26. Cerebral malaria

  27. Sarcoma of breast

  28. Polydactyle

  29. Trisomy 21 Mongolism (Down syndrome)

  30. Crushed injury Trauma

  31. CVA:Cerebral hemorrhage

  32. obesity

  33. Coccygeal teratomas

  34. Brown atrophy

  35. Atlas Book of maps Atlas One of the Titans who bore the earth on his shoulders. A volume of plates illustrative of subject.

  36. Systems/Organs to be concentrated • Head / Jaw & Neck • Thyroid / Parathyroid & Adrenal gland • Lung & Mediastinum • Breast • Gastrointestinal tract • Hepatobiliary system including Pancreas • Genitourinary tract • Skin / Soft tissue mass lesion

  37. Head/Jaw & Neck • Salivary gland tumors • Mixed tumoradenoid cystic carcinoma • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma • Warthin’s tumor • Jaw (mainly odontogenic) tumor: Ameloblastoma • Lymph node lesions • Tuberculosis • Lymphoid malignancy • Metastatic carcinoma

  38. Thyroid Parathyroid • Graves disease • Hashimoto disease • DeQuervain disease • Follicular adenoma • Follicular carcinoma • Papillary carcinoma • Medullary carcinoma • Adenoma • Hyperplasia

  39. Lung & Mediastium: mass lesions • Non-neoplastic • Granuloma • Tuberculosis: tuberculoma • Non-tuberculous: fungal granuloma • Hamartoma • Neoplastic • Adenocarcinoma • Squaous cell carcinoma • Small cell carcinoma • Thymoma • Germ cell tumor

  40. Breast • Fibrocystic disease • Fibroadenoma • Phyllodes tumor • DCIS • Comdeocarcinoma • Paget disease • Invasive ductal CA • Colloid carcinoma • Invasive lobular CA

  41. Gastrointestinal tract: Esophagus & Stomach • Esophageal cancer: squamous cell carcinoma • Peptic ulcer • Gastric neoplasm • Adenocarcinoma • Lymphoma • Stromal neoplasm: myoma & GIST

  42. Small intestines • Meckel diverticulum • Carcinoma • Lymphoma • Tuberculosis • Crohn disease

  43. Appendix and Large bowels • Appendicitis • Mucocele • Carcinoid tumor • Amoebiasis • Ulcerative colitis • Polyp / Polyposis coli • Diverticulum / Diverticulosis • Colonic carcinoma

  44. Hepatobiliary system • Liver • Hepatocellular carcinoma • Cholangiocarcinoma • Gallbladder / Bile duct • Acute / chronic cholecystitis • Cholesterolosis • Carcinoma • Extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma • Ampullary carcinoma

  45. Pancreas • Pancreatitis: acute / chronic • Pseudocyst • Benign tumor • Microcystic adenoma • Mucinous cystadenoma • Malignant tumor • Carcinoma: ductal & acinic • Islet cell neoplasm

  46. Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla • Cortical adenoma • Cortical hyperplasia • Conn syndrome • Cushing syndrome • Carcinoma • Phaeochromocytoma

  47. Genitourinary tract • Renal mass • Angiomyolipoma • Transitional cell carcinoma • Renal cell carcinoma • Bladder tumor: Transitional cell CA • Testicular tumor: Seminoma

  48. Skin • Epidermal cancer • Basal cell carcinoma • Squamous cell carcinoma • In situ sqaumous carcinoma • Melanotic lesion • Nevus • Malignant melanoma

  49. Soft Tissue Tumors • Malignant • Liposarcoma • Angiosarcoma • Leiomyosarcoma • Rhabdomyosarcoma • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma • Malignant nerve sheath tumor Benign • Lipoma • Hemangioma • Leiomyoma • Rhabomyoma • Fibrous histiocytoma • Neurofibroma • Neurilemmoma

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