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The Mughal Age: India's Cultural Apex

Explore the fascinating history of the Mughal Empire in 16th to 18th century India, from Babur's conquests to the impact of English rule.

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The Mughal Age: India's Cultural Apex

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  1. The Mughal Age 16th –18th Century India An apex of Indian cultural traditions

  2. Zahir ud din Muhammad • Babur • Muslim emperor from Central Asia who used “leapfrog” tactics to conquer Northern India and crush the Dehli Sultanate.

  3. Babur • Nearly always possessed smaller forces. • Extraordinary lineage. • Life devoted to conquest.

  4. Humayun • “intelligent but lazy” • Lacked his fathers “will”. • Forced to flee to Persia in 1540. • A key turning point. • Reconquered Dehli with Persian help.

  5. Akbar the Great • Born during Humayun’s exile in Persia. • Extremely intelligent and inquisitive.

  6. Akbar • Created the greatest Indian empire since the Mauryan dynasty. • Gave the impression of centralization, but it was actually decentralized kingdoms under the sheer force and dominance of his persona.

  7. Gunpowder Empire • Like the Ottomans they used artillery to consolidate their political control.

  8. Indo-Muslim Civilization • Remarkable tolerance for Hindus rolling back centuries of oppression. • Raised a Muslim but his religious curiosity knew no bounds. • Alienated orthodox Muslims with his views.

  9. Din-I-Ilahi • The syncretic belief system advocated by Akbar. A belief that employed Judeo-Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Zoroastrian traditions. • Difficult to define • Based on imperial divinity • Aroused deep hostility amongst Muslims.

  10. Akbar and Hindus • Allowed Hindus opportunities to participate. • Abolished Jizya • Muslims followed Sharia • Hindus follwed Dharmashastra

  11. Fatehpur Sikri

  12. Jahangir • Coup attempt for Prince Salim • Although not a great military leader or a particularly effective administrator, he expanded the boundaries of the empire and presided over 20 years of relative prosperity. • NurJahan?

  13. Shah Jahan • A time of poverty during the 1640’s. Yet he continued conquest and expensive building projects.

  14. Taj Mahal • His beloved wife Mumtaz Muhal died during childbirth for child 13. • He built a building of unparralled beauty for her final resting place. • Plans were made for him to build a similar palace of black marble across the river from the Taj Mahal. • 20,000 masons working decades completed the project. • His son Aurangzeb would have none of it.

  15. Aurangzeb • A man of uncompromising principles. • A devout Muslim • Attacked many Hindu traditions • Restored Islamic dominance in Indian daily life.

  16. English in India • Entered for good after their victory over a shell of the former Mughal forces at the Battle of Plassey. • 3,000 defeated 30,000.

  17. English impacts • Disaster on Indian economy and industry. • Destroyed Mughal Empire. • Ended Indian sovereignty until 1947. • Attempted to “introduce” English methods. • Despite indigenous rebellions such as that of Haidar Ali, England ruled India for 3 centuries.

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