ASPERA & ApPEC: European Astroparticle Physics Coordination Antonio Ferrer

1. ASPERA & ApPEC: European Astroparticle Physics Coordination Antonio Ferrer Coordinador español del Eranet ASPERA IFIC-Universitat de València & CSIC IMFP2010 La Palma 5 February 2010

2. AStroparticle Physics European Coordination ERAnet ASPERA Astroparticle Physics European ERANET(FP6/FP7) Establishing a sustainable European coordination in an interdisciplinary domain

3. A bit of history… 100 years ago: Discovery of cosmic rays (Victor Hess, Nobel in 1936)

4. Cosmic rays laboratory (pic du midi, 2876 m) after WWII

5. A new state of matter (pion, p) e mp = 280 me mm = 210 me m p

6. Antimatter Antideuteron, 1965 L. Lederman, S. Ting et al Positron, 1932 C.D. Anderson Antiproton, 1955 O. Chamberlain, E. Segrè et al Anti-atoms, 2002 ATHENA, ATRAP @ CERN

7. What is the Universe made of ? Do protons have a finite life time ? What are the properties of neutrinos ? What is their role in cosmic evolution ? What do neutrinos tell us about the interior of Sun and Earth, and about Supernova explosions ? What is the origin of cosmic rays ? What is the view of the sky at extreme energies ? What is the nature of gravity ? Can we detect gravitational waves ? What will they tell us about violent cosmic processes ? Astroparticle physics *”Science is the art of replacing unimportant questions that can be answered by important ones which cannot” Edward B. Ferguson Jr. 1976.

8. Instalaciones de laFísica de Astroparticulas • Los Satélites en el espacio. • Los Telescopios de partículas (terrestres, submarinos, bajo el hielo polar). • Los Laboratorios subterráneos.

9. What is ApPEC? • ApPEC created in 2001 by the national funding agencies of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and UK. • Since then Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Greece, Switzerland and Poland have joined • ApPEC aims to • Promote and facilitate co-operation within the European Particle Astrophysics (PA) community • Develop and promulgate long term strategies for European PA, offering advice to national funding agencies and EU • Assist in improving links and co-ordination between European PA and the scientific programmes of organisations such as CERN, ESA, and ESO • Express their collective views on PA in appropriate international forums, such as OECD, UNESCO etc.

10. Operation • ApPEC operates: • Strategically through its Steering Committee, • Operationally through its Scientific Advisory Committee • Steering Committee (SC): • France: M.Spiro, P.Chomaz, S.Katsanevas Germany: T. Berghöfer, R.Köpke, H. Bluemer, Netherlands: F. Linde, UK: D. Miller, J. Seed , Italy: R. Petronzio B. Dettore, Spain: J. Fuster, A.Ferrer, Switzerland: M. Bourquin, Belgium: D. Bertrand, C. DeClerq, Portugal G. Barreira Greece: D. Nanopoulos Poland S. Pokorski , Romania NV. Zamfir, CERN: S. Bertolucci • Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) • Elena Aprile, Laura Baudis, Jose Bernabeu, Pierre Binetruy,Christian Spiering, Franz v. Feilitzsch, Enrique Fernandez,Andrea Giuliani, Werner Hofmann, Uli Katz, Paul Kooijman, Paolo Lipari, Manel Martinez, Antonio Masiero,Benoit Mours, Francesco Ronga, Sheila Rowan, Andre Rubbia, Subir Sarkar, Guenther Sigl, Gerard Smadja, Nigel Smith, Lucia Votano

11. What is ASPERA ? www.aspera-eu.org ‘per aspera ad astra’ • ASPERA-I FP6 ERANET (July2006-July2009, 2.5 M€) • Study APP personnel and funding in Europe • 2500 researchers and 70 M€/year • Priority Roadmap for Infrastructures • and R&D • Linking of existing infrastructures • Underground laboratories • Issue a common call for R&D/Design studies • 2nd April 2009 • Common outreach, databases, portal, … 16 countries + CERN • ASPERA-II FP7 ERANET (July 2009-July2012, 2.5 M€) • Goals: • Accompany the realization of the roadmap • Strengthen joint programming • Move to a sustainable coordination • Coordinate with other continents • Knowledge transfer : industry/neighboring fields • Include the remaining European countries

12. Study of funding mechanisms I 2 methods: Questionnaires (statics), National days (dynamics) National days: an ASPERA succes story: Organisation of 11 « national days » Comparison of funding systems. Bi-monthly contacts of science managers • Diversity in European funding schemes: • Operators of research vs funding agencies. • Universities. • Large laboratories. • Regions. • Private foundations. • Funding of large infrastructures. • Funding of interdiciplinarity. • Knowledge transfer and outreach

13. Study of funding mechanisms II Investment 70 M€/yeara 2300 FTE • Overall budget 186 M€/year

14. Does Europe needs an astroparticle equivalent of CERN-ESO? • CERN • A representative of the ApPEC SC attends in the European Strategy sessions of the CERN Council. • A representative of the ApPEC SAC is a member of the scientific secretariat for the European Strategy sessions of the CERN Council. • The “Working Group on the scientific and geographical enlargement of CERN” includes by right an ApPEC representative • CERN asks ApPEC when Astroparticle Physics experiments ask the “recognised experiment” status from CERN. • Discussions for an autonomous European entity in relationship with CERN and ESO , located et CERN to start with ?

15. THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM(THE MAGNIFICENT SEVEN)

16. The European roadmap priorities (magnificent seven) CTA 1 ton dark matter AUGER -N Einstein telescope KM3NET 1 ton neutrino mass Megaton proton decay

17. High Energy Universe infrastructures European context (ASPERA,ASTRONET, ESFRI) Neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean  (KM3Net) High Energy Gamma Ray Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) International context (US Decadal Survey, GWIC) Beyond the Auger South Observatory (Auger-North) Einstein Telescope for gravitational wave detection (ET) 17

19. Underground Science large infrastructures In order to study rare processes on needs to go underground European context Large dark matter detectors Large Neutrino mass detectors International context VII. Very large Proton decay and neutrino (astro)physics detectors The sun in n 19

20. Timeline and budget • By 2012 start the construction of : • KM3net and CTA (200 M€ scale) • Also in ASTRONET and ESFRI roadmaps • 2012 milestone for technology decision of: • One ton dark matter and neutrino mass detectors (50-100 M€ scale) • Discuss with international partners the realisation of • Auger North in US (50-100 M€, 2012?) • Megaton detector for proton decay and neutrino astrophysics (500 M€, >2015) • Einstein Telescope, 3rd generation gravitational wave antenna (300 M€, after first results of adv VIRGO and advLIGO by 2015) • Budget 50% increase over available European budget for astroparticle (700 M€/10 years) • Share wth other continents • Regional funding? (e.g. KM3Net) • Links to CERN and ESO

21. THE FIRST ASPERA COMMON CALL

22. 1. CTA: 4 spanish groups IFAE, IEEC,UB,UCM /22 total2. Dark Matter R&D:DARWIN (Criogenic calorimeter) UZ/12 total EURECA (Nobel liquids WIMPs) 11 total CYGNUS (directional WIMPs) UZ/6 totalA total of 4 M€ funded.

23. THE NEXT ASPERA COMMON CALL

24. Proposal:1. Cosmic Rays (AUGER)2. Neutrino Detectors (in cooperation with CERN)September 2010

25. Strengthening spanish coordination The 4 spanish Networks:1. Particle Physics2. Accelerators3. LHC4. RENATA include Neutrinos, Dark energy

26. An inspiring example: World network of gravitational wave antennas: • Sensitivity increase • Source direction determination • Polarizations measurement • Global coordination can be of 2 types: • Network e.g. GW antennas • A global infrastructure e.g. AUGER Observatory in Argentina • OECD Global Science Forum study on Astroparticle Phyiscs in progress. would give its results by 2010. TAMA 300 GEO 600 VIRGO LIGO H1H2 LIGO Towards global coordination

27. Synergies with geosciences and environment • Astroparticle physics networks exhibit a natural synergy with climate and risk monitoring studies or geoscience observation networks. • Since: • The atmosphere, the ocean and earth are both the target and detecting medium • Needs to deploy large variable geometry networks of autonomous “smart” sensors in sometimes hostile environments • Compare e.g. • the AUGER array of 1600 measuring stations covering 3000 km2 in the Argentinian pampa • or ocean floor observatories ANTARES (KM3net) • with ocean floor or seismic network: EMSO, EPOS • and US/Japan geoscience networks: EARTHSCOPE

28. Joining the two infinities (infinitively small with initively large)

29. Conclusions, future actions • European Astroparticle Physics after a long but fruitful process of coordination has prepared a phased priority roadmap that enjoys large acceptance by the agencies and the community. • Furthermore the discussion has started in Europe for the drafting of a more sustainable coordinating structure that would manage the realisation of the above program. Its eventual relationships to the existing pan European structures (CERN, ESO) are examined. • Complementarities and budget demand the generalisation of this process of coordination to other regions. This process that has started in the context of the OECD Global Science Forum (1st meeting in Paris 12-13 February 2009) and could continue in other bodies (e.g. FALC). • OECD GSF phase 1 (2009) perimeter, statistics and census of the field • OECD GSF phase 2 (2010) priority coordination ? • (in synchronism with US decadal survey)

30. ShoreStation 4км from the shore 1366 м depth

31. Site properties • Location: - Northern hemisphere – GC (~18h/day) and Galactic Plane survey - Flat 1350 m depth Lake bed (>3 km from the shore) – allows ~ 30 km3 Instr. Volume! • Strong ice cover during ~2 months: - Telescope installation, maintenance, upgrade and rearrangement - Installation & test of a new equipment - All connections are done on dry - Fast shore cable installation (3-4 days) • Water optical properties: - Absorption length – 22-24 m - Scattering length – 30-50 m • - Moderately low background in fresh water • Water propertiesallow detection of all flavor neutrinos with high direction-energy resolution! cable Shore cable deployment tractor with ice cutter ice slot cable layer

32. Astroparticles (+ neutrinos)in Spain 1. LSC CANFRANC & CAST UZ 2. MAGIC IFAE - UAB - UCM 3. ANTARES IFIC 4. AMS CIEMAT 5. AUGER USC-UCM-UAH-UGR 6. K2K IFAE+IFIC 7. NEXT IFAE,IFIC 8. CHOOZ CIEMAT 9. DES CIEMAT, IFAE, 10. VIRGO/LIGO UIB

33. Underground laboratories • 4 large laboratories (largest Gran Sasso) + 3 smaller ones. Large effort of coordination towards sharing of management.