BPK 303 Kinanthropometry Spring 2014 Instructor: Dr. Richard Ward email: ward@sfu

1. BPK 303 Kinanthropometry Spring 2014 Instructor: Dr. Richard Ward email: ward@sfu.ca

2. Kinanthropometry • The quantification of Body Size, Shape, Proportion and Composition to describe or explain Function, Growth, Maturation and Performance. • Defined by William D. (Bill) Ross in the 1970’s to to bring together scientists who appeared to be working in quite disparate areas but whose studies had tremendous relevance to each other.

3. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry

4. Anthropometry Simple but expensive equipment Anthropometer $1400 Harpenden Skinfold Caliper > $200

5. Anthropometry Inexpensive Alternatives Woodworkers Tape with Pencil Holder $16 Slim Guide Skinfold Caliper $35

6. Standardized Techniques Anthropometric Conventions • I.S.A.K. - International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry • I.B.P. - Internationl Biological Programme • In House Standardization • Do not trust the name of the measurement • Check the original description

7. Anthropometry • Standardized techniques • valid • calibration • reliable • measurement error • objectivity

8. Which Variables to Measure? • Comprehensive • Do not reduce the number of measures just to save time • Specific • Tailor the data collection to the hypothesis

9. Landmarking • Reference to bone landmarks • Skin moves relative to the bone so that the pose of the subject is important Horizontal lines Not crosses or dots

10. Professional Approach • Informed Consent • Training increases validity & confidence • Honour subject’s personal space • Take adequate measures to minimize error • Recorder • Data Sheet • Data Transmission • Legible Recording

11. Lab Reports • 2 Lab Reports • Lab Report 1 10% • Lab Report 2 20% • Calculation and interpretation from individual and group data • Must be written in required format

12. Title Page: Must include an overall title for the lab, your name, student number, Troika ID and date of submission on a separate first page. • Each lab report will have more than one data analysis and interpretation task. Each component should be written up with the format shown below. • Introduction • Methods • Results • Discussion • References • Appendix • Put a separate relevant title at the top of each introduction page. Lab Report Format

13. Methods • Measurements • Described if not referenced • Subjects • Who and how many? • Computer analysis • What was done to the data Described in enough detail that someone could replicate your study

14. Results • Report the results without discussion. It is not enough just to include figures, you must describe the results. • No need to justify form of analysis – this was done in the Methods section. • Use tables and/or charts to illustrate the results. • Do not repeat the same information in both a chart and a table – Space is at a premium. • Do not repeat all of a table in the text.

15. Components of the Results Section • Always start with a table describing the sample. • Include Means, Standard Deviations and sample sizes (Standard Errors of Means not necessary). • Statistical analysis can often be indicated on this table. • Then follow with tables or figures to illustrate the hypothesis testing

16. Tables • Tables should be able to stand alone. • Table captions must give enough detail to stand alone. Not just: • Sample Descriptives • If variable name abbreviations are used, the full name must be in a table footnote, or the table caption.

17. Tables • It is unnecessary and distracting to report digits if they have little scientific relevance. • Your device can measure blood pressure to within 0.01 mmHg and your sample mean is 115.73 mmHg. How do you report the sample mean? • As 115.73, as 115.7, or as 116 mmHg? • Does a resolution smaller than 1 mmHg really matter? • In contrast, a resolution to 0.001 units is essential for variables like pH or body density.

18. Density converted to % Body Fat using Siri Equation% Body Fat = ((4.95/Density)-4.5)*100

19. Means and Standard Deviations of Skinfold-adjusted Arm Girth and Maximum Right Hand Grip Strength in Male (N=20) and Female (N=23) University Students * sig. diff. between male and female means, independent t-test d.f.=41, p<0.05 • Often no need to report statistical results in a table, just include description in the text: • In a two-way Analysis of Variance with VO2max as the dependent variable, both Age Group and Sex were found to be statistically significant factors (P<0.05)

20. Charts • Charts should be able to stand alone. Captions should provide enough detail. • Do not refer to abbreviations only found in text. Either provide key in caption or footnote to table. • Do not bunch up data in one corner of chart. • Usually Black and white only. Distinguish different data points for group using different shapes. You may use colour for your lab reports.

21. Figure 1: Plot of maximum grip strength versus skinfold-adjusted Forearm girth, showing correlation coefficients between variables for men (♂) and women (♀) separately and men and women combined (♂+ ♀) Figure should be able to stand alone with it’s caption.

22. Discussion • Explanation of the meaning of the results with reference to at least two refereed journal articles that support your conclusions. • Include a critique of the data collection and analysis.

23. Reference Format • Journal of the American Medical Association • ArmelliniF, Zamboni M, Frigo L, et al. Alcohol consumption, smoking habits and body fat distribution in italian men and women aged 20-60 years. Eur J ClinNutr. 1993;47(1):52-60. • American Journal of Physical Anthropology Armellini F, Zamboni M, Frigo L, Mandragona R, Robbi R, Micciolo R, Bosello O. 1993. Alcohol consumption, smoking habits and body fat distribution in italian men and women aged 20-60 years. Eur J ClinNutr 47(1):52-60.