1 / 36

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) VS WSN

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) VS WSN. Evolution. 500 B.C.: Darius I, the king of Persia, used a line of shouting men to send messages from his capital to the remote provinces of his empire 1960s: ARPANet : Packet switching technology; dynamic bandwidth sharing by multiple users 1970:

ppaige
Download Presentation

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) VS WSN

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) VS WSN

  2. Evolution • 500 B.C.: • Darius I, the king of Persia, used a line of shouting men to send messages from his capital to the remote provinces of his empire • 1960s: • ARPANet: Packet switching technology; dynamic bandwidth sharing by multiple users • 1970: • ALOHANet: Single-hop wireless packet network linking together the universities of the Hawaiian islands. • 1972: • DARPA PRNet (Packet Radio Network) for military applications: protocols for sharing the radio channel and support for mobility • 1983: • DARPA SURAN (Survivable Radio Networks) with small, low-cost, low-power devices and improved scalability and survivability

  3. Characteristics • A mobile wireless ad hoc network (MANET) is a network of mobile nodes that • are connected via wireless links and • exchange packets along multi-hop paths • without the support of a fixed communication infrastructure • There is no centralized control. Each node can act as router and forward data for other nodes. • Nodes are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily. • The network’s topology may change rapidly and unpredictably.

  4. Cellular vs. ad hoc wireless networks Infrastructure-dependent Infrastructure-less Basestation Basestation Basestation Switching Center + Gateway

  5. Applications • Smart cities • Smart transport • Smart buildings • Environmental sensor networks • Forests, rivers, lakes, ocean, volcanoes • Quality control and efficiency • Industrial processes • Energy sector • Safety and security • Emergency • Military

  6. Possible Applications for Ad hoc Networks Factory Floor Automation Disaster recovery Car-to-car communication

  7. MaNet Constraints and Issues • Lack of a centralized entity • Network topology changes frequently and unpredictably • Routing and Mobility Management • Channel access/Bandwidth availability • Hidden/Exposed station problem • Lack of symmetrical links • Power limitation

  8. MANET Architecture

  9. MaNet Constraints and Issues • Physical layer: how to transmit bits on the wireless medium • Use of electromagnetic spectrum • Radio propagation mechanisms and models • Converting data to electromagnetic waves for transmission

  10. MaNet Constraints and Issues • Medium access control: how to share the wireless medium among competing nodes • Distributed operation (no centralized coordination) • Time synchronization among nodes • High channel utilization by minimizing packet collisions and packet control overhead • Low delay in packet transmissions (particularly important in time-sensitive applications) • Fairness (equal / weighted share of bandwidth to competing nodes) • Bandwidth sharing in the presence of node mobility • Capability for power control and adaptive rate control

  11. MaNet Constraints and Issues • Routing: how to find a feasible path to a destination based on criteria such as hop length, power consumption, path reliability, etc. • Distributed operation (no centralized control) • Path breaks and stale routing information caused by node mobility • Links are error-prone and bandwidth-constrained • Nodes are energy and memory constrained • Load balancing to avoid channel contention • Loop avoidance • Quick route acquisition and reconfiguration • Minimum control overhead • Scalability

  12. Introduction to WSN

  13. Background, contd.

  14. Sensor Nodes, contd.

  15. Sensors (contd.) • The overall architecture of a sensor node consists of: • The sensor node processing subsystem running on sensor node main CPU • The sensor subsystem and • The communication subsystem • The processor and radio board includes: • TI MSP430 microcontroller with 10kB RAM • 16-bit RISC with 48K Program Flash • IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio at 250 Mbps • 1MB external data flash • Runs TinyOS 1.1.10 or higher • Two AA batteries or USB • 1.8 mA (active); 5.1uA (sleep) Crossbow Mote TPR2400CA-TelosB

  16. Sensor Nodes, contd. • Sensors • Enabled by recent advances in MEMS technology • Integrated Wireless Transceiver • Limited in • Energy • Computation • Storage • Transmission range • Bandwidth CPU Battery Memory Wireless Transceiver Sensing Hardware

  17. Overall Architecture of a sensor node

  18. Characteristics and challenges • Deeply distributed architecture: localized coordination to reach entire system goals, no infrastructure with no central control support • Autonomous operation: self-organization, self-configuration, adaptation, exception-free • TCP/IP is open, widely implemented, supports multiple physical network, relatively efficient and light weight, but requires manual intervention to configure and to use. • Energy conservation: physical, MAC, link, route, application • Scalability: scale with node density, number and kinds of networks • Data centric network: address free route, named data, reinforcement-based adaptation, in-network data aggregation

  19. Challenges, contd. • Challenges • Limited battery power • Limited storage and computation • Lower bandwidth and high error rates • Scalability to 1000s of nodes • Network Protocol Design Goals • Operate in self-configured mode (no infrastructure network support) • Limit memory footprint of protocols • Limit computation needs of protocols -> simple, yet efficient protocols • Conserve battery power in all ways possible

  20. WSN vs. MANET • Wireless sensor networks - subset of Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANET). • WSN nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to MANET nodes. • MANETs have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary. • Freq. node failures in WSN -> topology changes • Routing protocols tend to be complex in MANET, but need to be simple in sensor networks. • Low-power operation is even more critical in WSN. • MANET is address centric, WSN is data centric.

  21. sensor field Remotemonitoring Traditional Sensors Network Data loggers Localmonitoring

  22. sensor field Remotemonitoring Wireless Sensors • Sensors communicate with data logger via radio links Network radio link

  23. Gateway Internet Remotemonitoring Wireless Sensor Networks • Wireless sensors + wireless network • Sensor nodes (motes) deployed and forming an ad hoc network • Requires no hubs, access points • Instantly deployable • Targeted applications • Emergency responses • Remote data acquisition Sensor node/mote Sensor network

  24. WSN Application Examples • Agriculture • Humidity/temperaturemonitoring • Civil engineering • Structural response • Disaster management • Environmental sciences • Habitat monitoring • Conservation biology

  25. Applications of sensor networks • Physical security for military operations • Indoor/Outdoor Environmental monitoring • Seismic and structural monitoring • Industrial automation • Bio-medical applications • Health and Wellness Monitoring • Inventory Location Awareness • Future consumer applications, including smart homes.

  26. cooperative processing S E N S I N G THREAT cooperative signalling ALERT ALERT C O M M U N I C A T I O N THREAT - M U L T I H O P Beam Formation C O M M A N D L E V E L Applications, contd.

  27. Applications, contd.

  28. Browser InformationServer GPRSNetworkor Internet Gateway WSN in Telemetry Applications sensor sensor wireless sensor node Sensor field

  29. Deployment Options • Dropped from aircraft • Random deployment • Well planned, fixed • Regular deployment • Mobile sensor nodes • Can move to compensate for deployment shortcomings • Can be passively moved around by some external force (wind, water) • Can actively seek out “interesting” areas

  30. Maintenance Options • Feasible and/or practical to maintain sensor nodes? • Replace batteries • Unattended operation • Impossible but not relevant • Energy supply • Limited from point of deployment • Some form of recharging / energy scavenging

  31. Characteristic Requirements • Type of service of WSN • Not simply moving bits like another network • Rather: provide answers (not just numbers) • Geographic scoping are natural requirements • Quality of service • Fault tolerance • Lifetime: node/network • Scalability • Wide range of densities • Programmability • Maintainability

  32. Required Mechanisms • Multi-hop wireless communication • Energy-efficient operation • Both for communication and computation, sensing, actuating • Auto-configuration • Manual configuration just not an option • Collaboration & in-network processing • Nodes in the network collaborate towards a joint goal • Pre-processing data in network (as opposed to at the edge) can greatly improve efficiency

  33. Required Mechanisms • Data centric networking • Focusing network design on data, not on node identifies (id-centric networking) • To improve efficiency • Locality • Do things locally (on node or among nearby neighbors) as much as possible • Exploit tradeoffs • E.g., between invested energy and accuracy

  34. Demonstration

  35. Sensor Modules • IWING-MRF modules from IWING LAB • 250 kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 • 12MHz Atmel ATMega328P microcontroller • Additional light and temperature sensors

  36. Scenario Monitor station Sensor nodes measuring light intensity

More Related