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BIOGAS ENERGY

A SEMINAR ON. BIOGAS ENERGY. CONTENTS:. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BIO GAS? TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIO GAS WHERE DOES BIO GAS COMES FROM? BIO GAS PRODUCTION CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO BIO GAS USES OF BIO GAS ADVANTAGES BIO GAS POWER STATION CONCLUSION.

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BIOGAS ENERGY

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  1. A SEMINAR ON BIOGAS ENERGY

  2. CONTENTS: • INTRODUCTION • WHAT IS BIO GAS? • TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIO GAS • WHERE DOES BIO GAS COMES FROM? • BIO GAS PRODUCTION • CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO BIO GAS • USES OF BIO GAS • ADVANTAGES • BIO GAS POWER STATION • CONCLUSION

  3. INTRODUCTION •  Steady rise of energy costs in last two decades promoted interest to biogas industry. From alternative energy source biogas turned into conventional one for many companies in the world. Long history preceded that.  •  For thousands years marsh gases were covered by mystic legends and histories. “Ignis fatuus” or “Marsh lights” were present in anaerobic environment even in times when earth atmosphere composition was different.   • Great scientists like Jan Baptista van Helmont, Alessandro Volta, Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday, Amadeo Avagardo, Louis Pasteur were involved in biogas research and carried out lots of experiments. During the 300 years of biogas history interest to this topic gone through raises and falls.

  4. WHAT IS BIOGAS? • Biogas is a methane rich flammable gas that results from the decomposition of organic waste material. • Biogas Energy is the use of Biogas to produce heat or power.

  5. Typical composition of biogas

  6. WHERE DOES BIOGAS COMES FROM? • Vegetation - When vegetation decomposes, it gives off methane gas. • Farm and ranch animals - cattle, chickens, pigs produce manure. When manure decomposes, it also gives off methane gas. • Sewage – The treatment of human waste in anaerobic digesters produces methane gas. • Landfills- Garbage produces methane as it decomposes

  7. VEGETATION-WETLANDS AND PONDS • Caused by rotting vegetation Escaping methane rich gas goes into the atmosphere. • More hazardous than CO2 as a greenhouse gas. • Can Ignite spontaneously. • One common occurrence is swamp gas.

  8. LANDFILLS • There are 44 active landfills in Arizona 7 Million Tons of waste material are disposed in the landfills annually • To prevent methane from escaping into the atmosphere, it is collected and flared. • There are 29 landfills in Arizona that are flaring methane. Escaping methane can destroy adjacent vegetation Landfill with gas collection system and flare

  9. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS • Sewage treatment plants are designed to clean the water from the sewage and in the process can generate large amounts of methane. The methane can be either flared or used for power production. Sewage Water Close-up of Flares Sewage Digester

  10. ANIMAL MANURE DIGESTER • The Anaerobic Digestion of animal waste creates methane. • The remaining solids can be used for: <1> Fertilizer <2> Animal bedding • Recycled Water can be used for farming

  11. BIOGAS PRODUCTION

  12. Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganismsbreak down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. It is widely used to treat wastewater sludges and organic waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production helping replace fossil fuels. Also, the nutrient-rich digestate can be used as fertilizer.

  13. CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO BIOGAS • Uncontrolled anaerobic digestion • Wetlands and Ponds • Landfills • Controlled anaerobic digestion • Sewage Treatment Plants • Cattle Manure Digesters

  14. Biogas yield from different raw materials

  15. Requirement of cattle for various sizes of biogas plants

  16. Calorific values of commonly used fuels Equivalent quantity of fuel for 1 m3 of biogas

  17. BIOGAS MAY BE USED TO PRODUCE HEAT ANDPOWER • The cleaned methane can be piped to an engine or turbine and generator to produce electricity or sent through the pipeline as a usable gas. • Electricity:Combustion of 1 m3 produces 2 kWh of electricity. You get In order to be used in co-generation unit biogas should be cleaned from sulphur and moisture. Butterfield Landfill Station Maricopa, Arizona

  18. Other Uses of Biogas It can be used: • As natural gas; • As vehicle fuel; • As Bio-fertilizer;

  19. ADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH BIOGASPOWER PRODUCTION • Usable fuel from manure and waste water treatment plants. • Useful by-products from the biogas process. • Reduces Greenhouse Gas emissions. • Sustainable Resource as long as we have animals and wastewater treatment plants.

  20. Biogas Power Station • Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. • Types Of Plants • Topping cycle plants primarily produce electricity from a steam turbine. The exhausted steam is then condensed, and the low temperature heat released from this condensation is utilized for e.g. district heating. • Bottoming cycle plants produce high temperature heat for industrial processes, then a waste heat recovery boiler feeds an electrical plant. Bottoming cycle plants are only used when the industrial process requires very high temperatures, such as furnaces for glass and metal manufacturing, so they are less common.

  21. Conclusion:- • Biogas technology has significant potential to mitigate several problems related to ecological imbalance, minimizing crucial fuel demand, improving hygiene and health, and thus, resulting in an overall improvement in the quality of life in rural and semi-urban areas. • Biogas obtained by anaerobic digestion is a type of bacterial degradation of organic matter that occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces primarily, methane and carbon dioxide. It is evident from the above discussion that efficiency of anaerobic digestion essentially depends on intensity of bacterial activity, which is influenced by several factors such as temperature, temperature of digester material, pH value of digester content ,anaerobic environment etc. Therefore, for efficient performance of a biogas plant, it is necessary to regulate all the above factors suitably. The rate of biogas production also depends on the ambient temperature of a particular region. Production of electricity by the help of biogas is also been discussed.

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