Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

2. Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

3. Why is Motivation in Sport Important? • Helps us understand why some sports performers make substantial sacrifices to become successful • Helps us understand why certain sports performers are more successful than others • Ensures Maximum effort at the most appropriate time

4. Why is Motivation in Sport Important? - Continued • Ensures continued enjoyment and participation in exercise • Encourages sedentary people to take up sport and exercise! It is generally accepted that you need to be motivated to achieve your goals

5. Why do you play sport? • Write down the reasons to why you have played sport?

6. Motivation depends upon: • Intrinsic Motivation • Extrinsic Motivation • Arousal Level • Need to avoid failure • Need to achieve What could these be?

7. Intrinsic Motivation • An intrinsically motivated person is: Someone who takes part in sport for enjoyment. They judge success on the amount of effort exerted in the task and by how much they improve In what sporting situations would you find people participating for intrinsic reasons?

8. Extrinsic Motivation • An extrinsically motivated person is: Someone who participates for external rewards including: • Trophies • Medals • Money • Prizes

9. Effects of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation on Performance • Introducing extrinsic rewards leads to a reduction in intrinsic motivation • Intrinsic motivation will decrease when an external reward is perceived to be the primary reason for participation • If a reward increases an individual’s feelings of competence and self-worth, then Intrinsic motivation increases • In Professional sport motivation to win in nearly all cases would be a mixture of both Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

10. Arousal Level • Arousal is the intensity of our motivation – there is an ideal level of motivation for any sport. This ideal level of intensity will differ between sports. • However, if we are too motivated or not motivated enough in a sport we are less likely to be successful.

11. Drive theory suggests that the higher the arousal level in a performer the greater the level of their performance. For example a top-class tennis player will perform better in front of a large crowd. Drive Theory Performance Arousal

12. Drive Reduction Theory Learning is accomplished the task is mastered Drive or motivation To fulfill the Learning need Drive To Learn Drive to learn new Task or achieve New goal is established Drive to continue to learn the old task is reduced Set new goal

13. Drive Reduction Theory • When the learning goal has been achieved, the desire to continue with the same task decreases. • The initial drive to learn is strong, but once the skill has been learned the drive is reduced and the performance of the skill will decline Therefore the drive to learn should be maintained, by setting goals/targets, providing rewards, making practices fun!!

14. Original Theory: Optimum performance occurs at a moderate arousal level. Modified theory: Position of optimum arousal depends upon: Type of Activity Skill level of performer Personality of performer The Inverted U Theory Performance Arousal

15. 3 Inverted U graph Where does each sport fit in? Performance A B C Arousal

16. Here performances increases as arousal increases but when arousal gets too high, performance dramatically decreases. This is usually caused by the performer becoming anxious. Catastrophe Theory Performance Arousal

17. Reticular Activating System (RAS) • This is a system within the brain which controls arousal • Extroverts have lower levels of intrinsic arousal than introverts – therefore extroverts seek situations of high arousal and introverts seek low arousal situations • As a general rule which sports would extroverts and introverts tend to play?

18. Football Rugby Swimming Tennis Shot Putt Snooker Hockey Badminton Marathon Runner Netball Chess Extroverts Vs Introverts

19. Competition Time Shooting Competition:- Aim to score as many points as possible with three shots, you can shoot from a distance and score 3 points, or close and score 1 point.

20. Need to Achieve This personality type likes a challenge and likes feedback. They are not afraid of failure and have a high task persistence. Need to Avoid Failure This personality type avoids challenges, often gives up and does not want feedback NAch Vs NAF A rockclimber with a high NAF would choose the easiest way up a mountain but a rockclimber with a high Nach would choose a harder route to gain maximum satisfaction

21. Conclusion What different things motivate a performer? • Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation • Arousal Level • NAch and NAF What system controls arousal level? • RAS

22. Conclusion - continued Arousal level depends on: • The level they play at • Type of activity • Personality of the performer Motivation is very important in determining whether a performer is successful or not, why is this true?