Documenting Sources Using APA Style 6th Edition

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2. The terms �APA Style� refers to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, published in 2009. This manual sets forth the instructions for preparation of manuscripts for journals and books published by the APA. The manual addresses all the aspects of scholarly communication, including grammar, formatting, rules for presentation of research data, biases, and also documenting sources. The terms �APA Style� refers to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, published in 2009. This manual sets forth the instructions for preparation of manuscripts for journals and books published by the APA. The manual addresses all the aspects of scholarly communication, including grammar, formatting, rules for presentation of research data, biases, and also documenting sources.

3. APA Manual (style) is used in the Behaviorial and Social Sciences, Education, as well as Nursing, Occupational Therapy, and other disciplines. It is considered the best for presenting research data in social sciences, nursing, communications disorders, and other disciplines. It provides a consistent format for communications within a discipline so that the reader can focus on content. What is most important for us as scholars is that it gives us credibility, and protects us from charges of plagiarism. APA Manual (style) is used in the Behaviorial and Social Sciences, Education, as well as Nursing, Occupational Therapy, and other disciplines. It is considered the best for presenting research data in social sciences, nursing, communications disorders, and other disciplines. It provides a consistent format for communications within a discipline so that the reader can focus on content. What is most important for us as scholars is that it gives us credibility, and protects us from charges of plagiarism.

4. In addition to the format of manuscripts and writing style, the APA manual deals with thorny issues such as intellectual property, authorship, informed consent of research subjects and the protection of animals in research. You can read up on the scholarly publication process on pages 225 through 228, and find out all the different types of articles that are typically published on pages 9 through 11. In addition to the format of manuscripts and writing style, the APA manual deals with thorny issues such as intellectual property, authorship, informed consent of research subjects and the protection of animals in research. You can read up on the scholarly publication process on pages 225 through 228, and find out all the different types of articles that are typically published on pages 9 through 11.

5. The GSU Writing Center has a Microsoft Word template availabe for you to download and use. Just fill in the blanks... all the margins, fonts, and spacing is set up for the title page, abstract, body of the paper, and Reference list. Information is also available on the APA Style Blog and web site at these addresses. Copies of the APA Manuals for 5th and 6th editions are available in the Library at the Reference Desk for library use only.

6. In this overview we are mainly concerned with documenting our sources in the body of our paper, and also in the Reference List. APA uses an Author-date citation system. In this overview we are mainly concerned with documenting our sources in the body of our paper, and also in the Reference List. APA uses an Author-date citation system.

7. We should consider the types of materials and formats that need to be documented. Usually we will be using books and journal articles, but sometimes laws, regulations, and various kinds of Internet publications. APA requires us to document all intellectual property that is not our own; in the body of the paper and also with only a few exceptions, in the reference list. Everything that is recoverable goes in the Reference List. �Recoverable data� means data that other people can find. Personal communications such as letters, memos, emails, interviews, etc. are not included in the reference list. They are cited in text only within the body of the paper.We should consider the types of materials and formats that need to be documented. Usually we will be using books and journal articles, but sometimes laws, regulations, and various kinds of Internet publications. APA requires us to document all intellectual property that is not our own; in the body of the paper and also with only a few exceptions, in the reference list. Everything that is recoverable goes in the Reference List. �Recoverable data� means data that other people can find. Personal communications such as letters, memos, emails, interviews, etc. are not included in the reference list. They are cited in text only within the body of the paper.

8. Also, classical texts are not cited in the Reference List. Please note the following examples. Also, classical texts are not cited in the Reference List. Please note the following examples.

9. Classical works are cited in the body of your paper only. Classical works are cited in the body of your paper only.

10. Some basics about the Reference List. All citations must be as complete as possible. APA 6th edition asks that you double space lines in your reference list, but use a single space between words and punctuation within the citation. Each entry must have a 1/2� hanging indent, which is about 5 to 7 spaces.Some basics about the Reference List. All citations must be as complete as possible. APA 6th edition asks that you double space lines in your reference list, but use a single space between words and punctuation within the citation. Each entry must have a 1/2� hanging indent, which is about 5 to 7 spaces.

11. The basic format of the citation on the Reference Page is Authors last name, comma, first initials, the publication date in parentheses. Then the title of the work, publication information such as publisher and city; and locator information. See page Chapter 7, p. 193-224 for general format examples. See p. 217 for a list of cities that can be listed without a state abbreviation or country. The basic format of the citation on the Reference Page is Authors last name, comma, first initials, the publication date in parentheses. Then the title of the work, publication information such as publisher and city; and locator information. See page Chapter 7, p. 193-224 for general format examples. See p. 217 for a list of cities that can be listed without a state abbreviation or country.

12. A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation www.doi.org ) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. The publisher assigns a DOI when your article is published and made available electronically. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. The prefix is a unique number of four or more digits assigned to organizations; the suffix is assigned by the publisher and was designed to be flexible with publisher identification standards. APA recommends that when DOIs are available, you include them for both print and electronic sources. The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice. The DOI can also be found on the database landing page for the article. DOI can be inputted into search engines to retrieve the cited material. t A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation www.doi.org ) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. The publisher assigns a DOI when your article is published and made available electronically. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. The prefix is a unique number of four or more digits assigned to organizations; the suffix is assigned by the publisher and was designed to be flexible with publisher identification standards. APA recommends that when DOIs are available, you include them for both print and electronic sources. The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice. The DOI can also be found on the database landing page for the article. DOI can be inputted into search engines to retrieve the cited material. t

14. Use hanging indent. In Word 2003, go to Format, Paragraph, Special, Hanging, check preview and then click on OK. In Word 2007 *avoid* the �insert citation� feature. Use APA templates from the GSU Writing Center web site. To set up your Reference page to automatically indent the first line, go to Home, Paragraph, Special, Hanging .5, Line Spacing, Double�. Titles of books are italicized. Capitalize only the first word of a book title, and the first word of the subtitle, if any. See p. 202-205 for examples. Double space the references in your reference list; do not follow the single spacing in this presentation. Use hanging indent. In Word 2003, go to Format, Paragraph, Special, Hanging, check preview and then click on OK. In Word 2007 *avoid* the �insert citation� feature. Use APA templates from the GSU Writing Center web site. To set up your Reference page to automatically indent the first line, go to Home, Paragraph, Special, Hanging .5, Line Spacing, Double�. Titles of books are italicized. Capitalize only the first word of a book title, and the first word of the subtitle, if any. See p. 202-205 for examples. Double space the references in your reference list; do not follow the single spacing in this presentation.

15. With multiple authors, use a comma before the ampersand. This applies to even two authors. Use et. al. when there are more than 6 authors. Use & to connect authors, use one space between initials. When citing in the document, different rules apply. Italicize the title of a book. Capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, if any. Do not underline. Use hanging indent.With multiple authors, use a comma before the ampersand. This applies to even two authors. Use et. al. when there are more than 6 authors. Use & to connect authors, use one space between initials. When citing in the document, different rules apply. Italicize the title of a book. Capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, if any. Do not underline. Use hanging indent.

16. Give names of editors just as if they were authors, with last name first and initials, but then but (Eds.) in parens after their names. Italicize the title of the book, do not underline. Capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, if any. Use official US Post Office abbreviations for states, spell out locations outside of the United States. (p. 187) Give names of editors just as if they were authors, with last name first and initials, but then but (Eds.) in parens after their names. Italicize the title of the book, do not underline. Capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, if any. Use official US Post Office abbreviations for states, spell out locations outside of the United States. (p. 187)

17. See p. 202-203. Note the change in �last name first� rule � in this example the editors are given first name first. Note that there is no comma before the ampersand when using first name first. Include DOI�s if available, or PURLS if published on web. Italicize the title of book, but NOT the title of the chapter. Italicize the title of the book, but not the chapter. Give page numbers in parens using pp.See p. 202-203. Note the change in �last name first� rule � in this example the editors are given first name first. Note that there is no comma before the ampersand when using first name first. Include DOI�s if available, or PURLS if published on web. Italicize the title of book, but NOT the title of the chapter. Italicize the title of the book, but not the chapter. Give page numbers in parens using pp.

18. A case can be made that it is helpful to include the issue number even if the pages are numbered consecutively throughout the volume; but technically, APA does not require this. Some journals are continuously published online; and the DOI will identify the article if the issue number is not available.A case can be made that it is helpful to include the issue number even if the pages are numbered consecutively throughout the volume; but technically, APA does not require this. Some journals are continuously published online; and the DOI will identify the article if the issue number is not available.

20. Capitalize only the first word of the article title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns. Do not italicize the article title or put quotation marks around it. Generally, the name of the database shouldn�t be included; but for academic assignments, it might be appropriate because your professor or peers are the audience. Ask your professor if you should use the name of the database and date in your citations. Check instructions for authors if you submit to a journal. Use both upper and lowercase for journal titles, as necessary. Title of periodical and volume number are italicized. Give inclusive page numbers, but do not use p. or pp. when citing a journal article.Capitalize only the first word of the article title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns. Do not italicize the article title or put quotation marks around it. Generally, the name of the database shouldn�t be included; but for academic assignments, it might be appropriate because your professor or peers are the audience. Ask your professor if you should use the name of the database and date in your citations. Check instructions for authors if you submit to a journal. Use both upper and lowercase for journal titles, as necessary. Title of periodical and volume number are italicized. Give inclusive page numbers, but do not use p. or pp. when citing a journal article.

21. 6.27 p. 184. Use a comma before the ampersand when listing authors. Title of article is not italicized. Title of journal is italicized, as is the volume number. Notice the use of ampersand in journal title� it is part of the official title of the journal. Give inclusive page numbers, but do not use p or pp for page numbers when citing a journal article. 6.27 p. 184. Use a comma before the ampersand when listing authors. Title of article is not italicized. Title of journal is italicized, as is the volume number. Notice the use of ampersand in journal title� it is part of the official title of the journal. Give inclusive page numbers, but do not use p or pp for page numbers when citing a journal article.

22. Give the date shown on the publication � month for monthlies or month and day for weeklies. Do not use vol or pp for volume and page numbers. Give the date shown on the publication � month for monthlies or month and day for weeklies. Do not use vol or pp for volume and page numbers.

25. In 5th edition, the rule was to use �available from� in certain circumstances, now use �retrieved from� and give a PURL, or closest searchable URL where the item can be searched and retrieved from. Notice the hyperlink is not enabled, as it is not underlined. In 5th edition, the rule was to use �available from� in certain circumstances, now use �retrieved from� and give a PURL, or closest searchable URL where the item can be searched and retrieved from. Notice the hyperlink is not enabled, as it is not underlined.

26. More examples for ebook readers (DX or Kindle, etc.) are on p. 202-205. More examples for ebook readers (DX or Kindle, etc.) are on p. 202-205.

27. At a minimum, a reference to an Internet source should provide a document title or description, a date (either of publication, update or retrieval), and an address (URL). Whenever possible, identify the authors as well. If there is no author, begin the entry with the title. Finish with a period, unless the item ends with an Internet address. If no date, indicate (n.d.) (p. 185) At a minimum, a reference to an Internet source should provide a document title or description, a date (either of publication, update or retrieval), and an address (URL). Whenever possible, identify the authors as well. If there is no author, begin the entry with the title. Finish with a period, unless the item ends with an Internet address. If no date, indicate (n.d.) (p. 185)

28. Notice that �doi� is NOT capitalized. More information about DOI�s is on pages 188-189.Notice that �doi� is NOT capitalized. More information about DOI�s is on pages 188-189.

29. See also the discussion on Electronic Sources and Locator Information, p. 187 (6.31) Online journal publishing is now the rule, rather than the exception. You may have to use a search engine such as Google to locate the journal�s home page. If the online article you found was a prepublication manuscript, you are asked to cite only the actual final �copy of record� if it is available. See also the discussion on Electronic Sources and Locator Information, p. 187 (6.31) Online journal publishing is now the rule, rather than the exception. You may have to use a search engine such as Google to locate the journal�s home page. If the online article you found was a prepublication manuscript, you are asked to cite only the actual final �copy of record� if it is available.

33. Document your sources throughout the text of your report by citing by author and date the works you used in your research. This serves to briefly identify the source for readers and enables them to locate the source of information in your alphabetical reference list. See p. 174-179. If the name appears as part of the narrative, cite only the year of publication in parentheses. Otherwise, place both the name and the year, separated by a comma, in parentheses. If both name and year are part of the text, do not add parenthetical information.Document your sources throughout the text of your report by citing by author and date the works you used in your research. This serves to briefly identify the source for readers and enables them to locate the source of information in your alphabetical reference list. See p. 174-179. If the name appears as part of the narrative, cite only the year of publication in parentheses. Otherwise, place both the name and the year, separated by a comma, in parentheses. If both name and year are part of the text, do not add parenthetical information.

34. Exceptions p. 175.. Authors with same surname are dealt with on p. 176. A handy dandy �cheat sheet� is on p. 177Exceptions p. 175.. Authors with same surname are dealt with on p. 176. A handy dandy �cheat sheet� is on p. 177

39. Pages 219-222 give information on the order of references in the reference list. Pages 223-232 give information on general forms for the reference list. Pages 239-281 give specific examples of elements of the references. Page 232 tells how to proceed if a reference example is not included in manual. Pages 219-222 give information on the order of references in the reference list. Pages 223-232 give information on general forms for the reference list. Pages 239-281 give specific examples of elements of the references. Page 232 tells how to proceed if a reference example is not included in manual.