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Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs. Reading Aloud Task - Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. On each trial, we ask that you read each word as quickly and accurately as possible. +. mellow. Go-No-Go Task - Instructions
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Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs
Reading Aloud Task - Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. On each trial, we ask that you read each word as quickly and accurately as possible.
Go-No-Go Task - Instructions You will be presented with a series of words and nonwords, one at a time. On each trial, if the stimulus is a word, then you should read it aloud as quickly and accurately as possible. If the stimulus is a nonword, then you should not respond.
Reading Aloud Task, Lexical Decision Task, Go-No-Go Task Independent VariablesDependent Variables Word Frequency (low, high)Reaction Time boon = low Accuracy book = high Word Length (short, long) box = short bottom = long Spelling-to-Sound Consistency (consistent, inconsistent) punt = consistent pint = inconsistent Lexicality (word, nonword) table = word flirpy = nonword
Stroop Task – Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. Your job is to name the color that the word appears in. For example, if the word presented is word then the correct response is “blue.”
Stroop Task Independent Variable Congruency (congruent, incongruent, neutral) blue = congruent red = incongruent table = neutral Dependent Variables Reaction Time Accuracy
Dichotic Listening Shadowing IVs sex of unattended voice male vs. female semantic similarity of unattended message disimilar vs. similar DVs proportion of people Iding an unattended target word proportion of people Iding an unattended language
Orthographic Strangeness Task – Instructions (whole class) On a sheet of paper, number from 1 to 12. You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. For each word, you should judge how similar each word is to other words in the language in terms of its orthography (its particular letter pattern). Your ratings should be made on a 1 to 7 scale. A word with a very common orthography should be given a high rating, and a word with a rare orthography should be given a low rating. For example, the word black should be given a high rating whereas the word phlegm should be given a low rating.
Research In Cognitive Psychology – Norming Studies Types Norming Studies 1. imageability ratings 2. semantic relatedness judgments 3. age of acquisition ratings 4. subjective frequency ratings
Word Fragment Completion Task – Instructions (whole class) You will be presented with a series of word fragments (e.g., w_r_). You should fill in each fragment with the first word that comes to mind.
Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Independent Variable Fragment Type (studied, unstudied) Dependent Variable Proportion Completed (with target word)
Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Study List 1 Study List 2 "Test” List elephant elevator e_e_h_n_ e_e_a_t_r market monkey m_r_e_ m_n_e_ doctor diamond d_c_o_ d_a_o_d closet clever c_o_e_ c_e_e_ ladder lover l_d_e_ l_v_r
Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Independent Variable Fragment Type (studied, unstudied) Dependent Variable Proportion Completed (with target word) studied s_a_o_ shadow e_e_h_n_ elephant b_i_d_n_ building i_t_l_i_e_t intelligent w_n_o_ window
Free Recall Memory Task – Instructions (whole class) On each trial, you will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. At the end of the list, you should write down as many of the words that you can recall in any order.
Free Recall Task Independent Variables List Position (early, middle, late) Stimulus Duration (short, long) List Length (short, long) Stimulus Variables Frequency (high, low) Length (short, long) Distinctiveness (distinct, not distinct) Dependent Variables Proportion Correct Number Incorrect
Other Memory Tasks Serial Recall Cued Recall Recognition Memory
Semantic Priming Paradigm 2 words are presented, and participant responds to 2nd word prime - 1st word target - 2nd word
Semantic Priming Paradigm 2 words are presented, and participant responds to 2nd word prime - 1st word target - 2nd word primetargetreaction time doctor nurse 500 ms chair nurse 525 ms
Semantic Priming Paradigm Subject 1 Subject 2 related doctor – nurse unrelated love – nurse coin – money cloud - money cloud – sky doctor - sky love – hate coin - hate etc. etc. unrelated chair – nest related bird – nest bird – desk chair – desk grass - music piano – music piano - lawn grass – lawn etc. etc. counterbalancing of materials
Semantic Priming Paradigm Facilitation - speeds up RT Inhibition - slows down RT
Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) doctor – nurse = related chair – nurse = unrelated Dependent Variables Reaction Time Accuracy
Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) RT doctor – nurse = related 500 ms chair – nurse = unrelated 515 ms Dependent Variables Reaction Time
Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) Proportion of Errors doctor – nurse = related .01 chair – nurse = unrelated .04 Dependent Variables Accuracy
Category Verification Task - Instructions In this task, you will be presented with a series of trials. On each trial, you will first be presented with a category name (e.g., VEHICLE). This category name will be followed by another word. If the word refers to a member of the category (e.g., plane), then say "yes" ASAP. If the word does not refer to a member of the category (e.g., robin), then say "no" ASAP.
