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Community Organizing:

Community Organizing:. Theory and Application. Susanna Cooper November 3, 2009. Overview of Theory. First coined in late 1800s by American social workers, so that they could coordinate social services for immigrants & poor

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Community Organizing:

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  1. Community Organizing: Theory and Application Susanna Cooper November 3, 2009

  2. Overview of Theory • First coined in late 1800s by American social workers, so that they could coordinate social services for immigrants & poor • New approach developed for public health promotion in 1986 by WHO, “ . . .that stressed increasing people’s control over the determinants of their health, high-level public participation, and intersectoral cooperation” (Glanz et al., 2008, p. 289).

  3. Community Organizing Models • Alinsky Model (Traditional Model) • The “Alinsky model begins with . . . the public sphere battles between the haves and have-nots. . .” (Stall & Stoecker, 1998, p. 733). • Confrontational • Power, Self-Interest, Compromise, and Ego • Focus on economic security: “A community organization which does not improve the economic life of its community cannot become a really significant force in the lives of the people” (Alinsky, 1941, p. 806).

  4. Community Organizing Models • Jack Rothman’s Contemporary Typology • Locality Development • Social Planning • Social Action Model (combines Locality Development and Social Planning models)

  5. Recent Models • May involve collaborative empowerment & community building • Community organization and development model (COD) • Coalition building • Generally incorporated in ALL models of community organizing

  6. Applications in Public Health • Locality development to increase Pap smears among women in the Yakama Indian Nation • “Social planning would have been unacceptable, for the Yakama have tired of outside researchers imposing projects on them ‘for their own good,’” however, locality development serves as a choice model (Chrisman et al., 1999, p. 136). • Bootheel Heart Health Project • Long term goal of reducing mortality/morbidity • Coalition building in Arizona-Mexico border population to promote nutrition & exercise • Created increased awareness of health issues • COD Breast Health Education Study (BHES) • “This nationally recognized model is based on the belief that health promotion efforts are likely to be more successful among minority and poor populations when the communities at risk are empowered to identify their own problems . . . “(Taylor et al., 1998, p. 139).

  7. References • Alinsky, S.D. 1941. Community Analysis and Organization. The American Journal of Sociology, 46(6), 797-808. • Brownson, R.C., Smith, C.A., Pratt, M., Mack, N.E., Jackson-Thompson, J., Dean, C.E., Dabney, S., and Wilkerson, J.C. 1996. Preventing Cardiovascular Disease Through Community-Based Risk Reduction: The Bootheel Heart Health Project. American Journal of Public Health, 86(2), 206-213. • Chrisman, N.J., Strickland, C.J., Powell, K., Squeochs, M.D., and Yallup, M. 1999. Community Partnership Research with the Yakama Indian Nation. Human Organization, 58(2), 134-141. • Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., and Viswanath, K. (Eds.) (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education—Theory, Research, and Practice, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. • Meister, J.S., and Guernsey de Zapien, J. 2005. Bringing Health Policy Issues Front and Center in the Community: Expanding the Role of Community Health Coalitions. Preventing Chronic Disease—Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy, 2(1), 1-7. • Stall, S., and Stoecker, R. 1998. Community Organizing or Organizing Community? Gender and the Crafts of Empowerment. Gender and Society, 12(6), 729-756. • Taylor, B.D., Frederick, M.G., Sheats, J.Q., Densler, M.W., and Crump, S.R. 1998. Translating Breast Health: A Role for Community Lay Health Workers in the 21st Century. American Journal of Health Studies, 14(3), 137-142.

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