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Cortical Anatomy

Cortical Anatomy. A systems approach http:/da.biostr.washington.edu/da.html. Overview. Orientation to the brain Visual systems- recognition and higher level processing “where” systems, parietal lobe functions Language systems, reading Frontal lobe systems Memory systems: HC and BG

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Cortical Anatomy

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  1. Cortical Anatomy A systems approach http:/da.biostr.washington.edu/da.html

  2. Overview • Orientation to the brain • Visual systems- recognition and higher level processing • “where” systems, parietal lobe functions • Language systems, reading • Frontal lobe systems • Memory systems: HC and BG • Social and emotional systems

  3. Lobar Anatomy

  4. CS IPL S1 SO AG SFG SMG M1 MFG IFG ST IO MT IT

  5. Dorsal View SFG SFS M1 S1 SPL IPS

  6. Insula and TTG

  7. Retrosplenial Cortex 30 Medial View PCL Precuneus Medial FG GFD 6 P-O Sup OG Cingulate 32, 24 Mid OG 31,23 Calcarine Inf OG

  8. Ventral View, limbic system exposed Gyrus rectus 11/12 Orbital 11, 47 ERC 28/34 PHG 36 Lingual 17-19 Fusiform 37

  9. Subcortical regions Caudate Putamen Globus pallidus thalamus

  10. Brodmann’s maps

  11. Visual system

  12. Visual Pathway

  13. Retinotopy: Background

  14. IPL SMG 40/AG 39 OCC 19 18 O-T FUSIFORM 37 STL38, 22 MTL 21 ITL 20

  15. Visual System- what vs where

  16. Levy et al.: Methods • Stimuli: Faces, houses; center, periphery

  17. Visual System- what vs where

  18. Parietal cortex and space CS IPS

  19. IPS

  20. Fronto-parietal attention/Working memory networks DLPFC IPS FEF IPS

  21. Ventral PFC- regulation, response inhibition Lateral, Medial OFC

  22. Relational Complexity test Distractor Control Kroger, Sabb, Fales, Bookheimer, Cohen, Holyoak 2002

  23. LH Language System SSMA (medial) 6 40 SMG phoneme sequencing Exner’s area writing 39 AG Aud/vis Integration including reading IFG 44,45,47 (see next slide) 22/21 Auditory comp “Wernicke’s A1, A2 41,42 Heschls 38: high level Categorical rep 20/37 Basal temporal naming area

  24. Auditory cortex activation with speech

  25. Frontal language areas 5 8 4 6 6 6 9 9 10 10

  26. IFG dissociations 44 opercularis Phonology, sequencing 47 Orbitalis: Semantic integration 45 triangularis syntax

  27. Orbital frontal cortex: 47/45 • Arguments about its job: semantics; verbal selection; selection generally • Integration of (semantic) information • Lesion/electrical stimulation: semantic integration deficits: normal object naming, grammatic speech; impaired auditory responsive naming 4

  28. Ventral View, limbic system exposed Gyrus rectus 11/12 Orbital 11, 47 ERC 28/34 PHG 36 Lingual 17-19 Fusiform 37

  29. “Match” “Label” Facial Emotions Control MatchExpressions: Perception only; implicit emotional processing Label Expressions: Explicit cognitive analysis

  30. Match Affect- normal adults -seeing negative face expressions activates Face and Fear brain centers amygdala face area Hariri et al., 1999

  31. Label Affect -interpreting negative face expressions activates Face brain center … amygdala Hariri et al., 1999

  32. Cortical Influence During “Label” -this frontal lobe region regulates and controls Fear brain centers Hariri et al., 1999

  33. Memory systems: hippocampus

  34. Hippocampal Circuitry Known by tracer studies in monkeys, rats, and the cat. Sub CA 1 PRC ERC PHG DG CA 3 fornix Anterior Posterior

  35. Enough neuroanatomy for one day

  36. Medial PMC M1 hand A B M1 tongue Insular motor, Sensory cortex

  37. Surface LPMC 6 M1 4 S1 213 SFG 6,8,10,11 MFG 9, 10, 46 IFG 44 45, 47

  38. Brain Regions in Reading Inferior Frontal Gyrus Supramarginal Gyrus Angular Gyrus Superior Temporal Gyrus (posterior) Temporal/Occipital Junction

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