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Machines

Machines. Levers & Torque. Torque. The turning effect caused by a force on a rigid object around an axis or fulcrum . Represented by T Units: Newton metres (Nm) Consider a textbook. Is it easier to open the book by pushing closer to the spine (fulcrum) or further away?

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Machines

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  1. Machines Levers & Torque

  2. Torque • The turning effect caused by a force on a rigid object around an axis or fulcrum. • Represented by T • Units: Newton metres (Nm) • Consider a textbook. Is it easier to open the book by pushing closer to the spine (fulcrum) or further away? • The further away the easier it is.

  3. From this we can conclude that torque depends on two quantities: • The (perpendicular) force applied. • The distance away. • In other words: Where: T = Torque (Nm) F = Force (N) d= Distance (m)

  4. Eg.1: Calculate the magnitude of the torque on a wrench if 100 N of force are applied 0.30m from the bolt.

  5. Torque & Levers • Two torques can be calculated for a lever: • Effort Torque (TE ): • Load Torque (TL): • Where: • F = Force (effort / load) • d= Arm length (effort / load)

  6. Static Equilibrium & Levers In order for a lever to be in static equilibrium (not moving) we use the law of levers:

  7. Eg.2: What effort force is required to lift 45 kg using a first class lever with a load arm of 0.4m and an effort arm of 2m? • Eg.3: Supposing you can provide an effort force of 100N, what is the largest mass you can lift with a second class lever and an effort arm length of 1.2m and a load arm length of 0.25m?

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