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Non conventional using drugs

Non conventional using drugs. By: Dr Vahedi. Lifestyle drugs. An eclectic group of drugs that are used for non- medical purposes Including : A) Drugs of abuse B) Cosmetic purposes or for purely social reasons C) Enhance athletic or other performance.

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Non conventional using drugs

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  1. Non conventional using drugs By: Dr Vahedi

  2. Lifestyle drugs • An eclectic group of drugs that are used for non- medical purposes • Including : • A) Drugs of abuse • B) Cosmetic purposes or for purely social reasons • C) Enhance athletic or other performance

  3. Lifestyle drugs & medicines , excluding drugs in sport

  4. Enhance athletic or other enhance performance drugs • 1) Anabolic Agents • 2) Hormones and related substances • 3) β2 –Adrenoceptor agonists • 4) β- Adrenoceptor antagonists • 5) Stimulants • 6) Diuretics • 7) Narcotic analgesics

  5. Drugs in sport • Anabolic agents • Androgenic steroids ( Testosteron, Nandrolone,…) • Effects : Increase Muscle development Muscle mass & improve sporting performance↑ Muscle strength ? Increase aggression and competitivness serious long term side effects

  6. Drugs in sport • Other Anabolic Agents : • Clenbuterol: ( Anabolic androgenic + agonist action on β2 adrenoceptors) • selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) : aryl propionamid analogs Bicyclichydantoein analogs • tibolone ( estrogen activity +weak androgenic activity)

  7. Drugs in sport Hormones and related substances • EPO : Increased erythrocyte formation & increased oxygen transport & blood viscosity Side effects: CAD, Strokes (trombos formation) , HTN • Human growth hormone: Effects: ↑lean body mass , ↓fat , accelerate recovery , cardiac hypertrophy,acromegaly, liver damage, ↑cancer risk

  8. Drugs in sport Hormones and related substances • Insulin: • To promote glucose uptake and enegy production in muscle • Probably ineffective in improving performance • Side effect: hypoglycemia

  9. Drugs in sportHormones and related substances • Other related substances: • Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in male • Corticotrophins • Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)

  10. Drugs in sport • β2 –Adrenoceptor agonists (Exp: Salbutamolformoterol, salmeterol) Used by Runners, swimmers . Mechanism: ↑O2 uptake and transport (Bronchodilation) cardiac function , Controlled studies show no improvement performance • β- Adrenoceptor antagonists (Exp: propranolol) • used to reduce tremor and anexity in precision sports (Shooters, ski jumpers, archery) • Negative effect on endurance • Depression, bronchospasm, fatigue

  11. Drugs in sport • Stimulants: Ephedrine , methylephenidate, fenfluramine, cocaein, amiphenazole , strychnine ,taurine • Effects: • Some trials have shawn ; to improve performance in spriting, weightlifting. • Increase muscle strengh and reduce muscle fatigue • Surprisingly Caffeine apears to be more effective in improving muscle performance than other more powerful stimulants. • Several deaths with taking amphetamines &ephedrine – like drugs

  12. Drugs in sportStimulants: • Amphetamines • Delay fatigue, increase alertness, enhance speed, power, endurance, concentration • Side effects: Hypertension, angina, vomiting, abdominal pain, cerebral hemorrhage, dependence, death

  13. Drugs in sportStimulants: • Caffeine • Shortened reaction time, improved concentration, diuresis • Primary theory is enhanced release of FFA, sparing glycogen. Stimulate the release of Ca2+ in muscle cells • Glycogen sparing leading to delayed fatigue • > 12 ug/mL is a positive urine per IOC • Side effects: Dyspepsia, cardiac damage, combination with other stimulants (e.g. ephedrine) may be fatal

  14. Drugs in sport • Diuretics: • Rapid weight loss • also to mask presence of other agent in urine by dilution • Overall negative impact on performance • Dehydration, hypotension, muscle cramps, electrolyte imbalance • Narcotic, analgesics: • used to mask injury- associated pain • Increased risk of further injury, dependence, drowsiness, mental clouding; in high doses: respiratory depression, hypotension

  15. CONCLUSION

  16. Mechanismenhanceperformance drugs Increase oxygen transport Lose weight, train harder PHYSIOLOGICAL REASONS To build muscle, increase energy Mask injury and reduce tiredness

  17. با سپاس از توجه شما

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